Pregnancy AI

Question 1

What are the three trimesters of prenatal development?

Answer 1

Prenatal development is divided into three trimesters: first, second, and third.

Question 2

What is the embryonic period of development?

Answer 2

The embryonic period takes place over the first eight weeks and involves tremendous changes such as cell division and the formation of tissues and organs.

Question 3

What is the fetal period of development?

Answer 3

The fetal period occurs from the 9th week through to birth, where the body grows rapidly and organs begin to function.

Question 4

What initiates human development?

Answer 4

Human development begins with fertilization, the joining of male and female gametes.

Question 5

What is the result of fertilization?

Answer 5

The result of fertilization is a zygote, which contains 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes.

Question 6

What is the role of the zona pellucida?

Answer 6

The zona pellucida is a thin, clear layer of protein and carbohydrates surrounding the plasma membrane of the egg.

Question 7

What is a morula?

Answer 7

A morula describes a zygote when it becomes a 16-cell sphere.

Question 8

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 8

A blastocyst is an embryo at the stage in which it is implanted in the wall of the uterus and consists of two groups of cells: trophoblast and inner cell mass.

Question 9

What is implantation?

Answer 9

Implantation is the process of attachment of the embryo to the endometrium.

Question 10

What hormone is secreted by the trophoblast at the time of implantation?

Answer 10

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the trophoblast at the time of implantation.

Question 11

What is gastrulation?

Answer 11

Gastrulation is the formation of the three primary germ layers in embryogenesis.

Question 12

What are the three primary germ layers?

Answer 12

The three primary germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Question 13

What is neurulation?

Answer 13

Neurulation is the process of forming the neural tube which develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Question 14

What is the notochord?

Answer 14

The notochord is a rod-like structure that forms from mesoderm cells along the back of the embryonic disk.

Question 15

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 15

The placenta attaches the embryo or fetus to the uterine wall and facilitates metabolic exchange.

Question 16

What does the umbilical cord connect?

Answer 16

The umbilical cord connects the abdomen of a fetus to the mother’s placenta in the uterus.

Question 17

What are the functions of extra-embryonic membranes?

Answer 17

Extra-embryonic membranes are responsible for protection, nutrition, respiration, and excretion of the embryo and fetus.

Question 18

What is the function of the yolk sac?

Answer 18

The yolk sac contributes to the formation of the digestive tract and produces the first blood cells.

Question 19

What is differentiation in embryogenesis?

Answer 19

Differentiation is the cellular process that enables a cell to develop a particular shape and perform specific functions.

Question 20

What structures develop from the ectoderm?

Answer 20

• Outer skin (epidermis) and associated structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands)
• Nervous tissue and sense organs
• Pituitary gland
• Tooth enamel
• Adrenal medulla
• Eye lens

Question 21

What structures develop from the mesoderm?

Answer 21

• Dermis of skin
• Muscle tissue
• Heart
• Internal reproductive organs
• Kidneys and ureters

Question 22

What structures develop from the endoderm?

Answer 22

• Cellular lining of the respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary bladder, urethra
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process of forming the neural tube is called _______.

Answer 23

Neurulation

Question 24

True or False: The developing embryo is referred to as a fetus after the end of the eighth week.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What organs are primarily involved in the urinary system?

Answer 25

Bladder, urethra ## Footnote These are key components of the urinary system that help in the storage and excretion of urine.

Question 26

Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification and metabolism?

Answer 26

Liver ## Footnote The liver plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes.

Question 27

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 27

Stores bile ## Footnote Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in digestion.

Question 28

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 28

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones ## Footnote The pancreas is essential for digestion and regulating blood sugar levels.

Question 29

What is the thymus responsible for?

Answer 29

Development of the immune system ## Footnote The thymus is crucial for the maturation of T cells.

Question 30

Which organs are part of the immune system?

Answer 30

Tonsils, thymus ## Footnote These organs are involved in immune responses.

Question 31

What glands are involved in calcium regulation?

Answer 31

Parathyroid glands, thyroid gland ## Footnote These glands play important roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis.

Question 32

What is neurolation?

Answer 32

The process of forming the neural tube ## Footnote Neurolation is a critical phase in embryonic development.

Question 33

What structure forms from the mesoderm during embryonic development?

Answer 33

Notochord ## Footnote The notochord provides structural support for the developing embryo.

Question 34

What is the initial structure from which the neural tube develops?

Answer 34

Plate of ectoderm ## Footnote The ectodermal plate folds to form the neural tube.

Question 35

What happens to the neural tube after it pinches off?

Answer 35

Develops into the spinal cord and brain ## Footnote The neural tube is essential for forming the central nervous system.

Question 36

What are the nutritional functions of the placenta?

Answer 36

Transports and stores nutrients ## Footnote Nutrients like glucose and amino acids are critical for fetal development.

Question 37

What are the excretory functions of the placenta?

Answer 37

Transports wastes from fetal blood to mother's blood ## Footnote This process helps in removing metabolic waste products from the fetus.

Question 38

What respiratory functions does the placenta serve?

Answer 38

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide ## Footnote The placenta facilitates gas exchange between mother and fetus.

Question 39

What endocrine functions does the placenta perform?

Answer 39

Secretes hormones and allows hormone diffusion ## Footnote Hormones like estrogen and progesterone are vital for pregnancy maintenance.

Question 40

What immune function does the placenta provide?

Answer 40

Transports antibodies from mother to fetus ## Footnote This provides passive immunity to the fetus.

Question 41

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 41

Oviduct ## Footnote The oviduct is the site where sperm meets the egg.

Question 42

What is the morula?

Answer 42

A solid ball of cells formed from cleavage ## Footnote The morula forms after several cell divisions of the zygote.

Question 43

What is the blastocyst?

Answer 43

A fluid-filled structure that develops from the morula ## Footnote The blastocyst implants in the uterine wall and develops into an embryo.

Question 44

What are the primary germ layers formed during gastrulation?

Answer 44

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm ## Footnote These layers differentiate into various tissues and organs.

Question 45

What marks the beginning of morphogenesis?

Answer 45

Gastrulation ## Footnote Morphogenesis is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape.

Question 46

By what week does the embryonic heart begin to beat?

Answer 46

Fourth week ## Footnote This is a significant milestone in embryonic development.

Question 47

What is recognizable about the embryo by the eighth week?

Answer 47

All body organs are formed ## Footnote Although organs will continue to develop, basic structures are established.