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Biology 30 > Reproduction - Structures and Functions > Flashcards

Reproduction - Structures and Functions Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what are the male primary sex characteristics (8)

A
  • gonads (testes)
  • scrotum
  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • penis
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • cowpers gland
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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of a mature sperm

A

oval head, cylindrical middle piece, extended tail

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3
Q

what is the function of the cylindrical middle peice of a sperm

A

contains the mitochondria that provides energy for the movement of the tail

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4
Q

what is the primary reproductive function of the penis

A

to transfer sperm from the male to the female reproductive tract

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5
Q

whats the uterus

A

expanded muscular organ in the female reproductive tract through which eggs pass to the environment or in which an embryo develops and is nourished before birth

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6
Q

when does ovulation typically occur

A

at the midpoint day of the cycle (day 14 of a 28 day menstural cycle)

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7
Q

what are the testes composed of

A

seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

what is the function of the oval head of a mature sperm

A

contains the nucleus

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9
Q

how does semen enter the urethra

A

through the ductus deferentia if sexual arousal continues

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10
Q

what does the vagina open up into

A

the vulva

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11
Q

how long can an ovum survive in the oviduct after ovulation

A

for up to 24 hours

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12
Q

define primary sex characteristics

A

any structure (organ, duct or gland) that plays a direct role in reproduction

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13
Q

what are the female primary sex characteristics (6)

A
  • gonads (ovaries)
  • oviducts
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • vulva
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14
Q

whats the cowpers gland

A

gland in human males that secretes mucus-like fluids into the urethra

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15
Q

what is the function of a sperm cells extended tail

A

it propels the sperm with a slashing motion

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16
Q

what is the ductus deferens

A

a storage duct from the epididymis leading to the penis via the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

define oviduct

A

one pair of cilia-lined tubes in the body that transport an egg from the ovary to the uterus

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18
Q

whats another name for oviduct

A

fallopian tube

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19
Q

what 3 systems interact to cause the release of semen

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic nervous systems

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20
Q

what type of cells lie between the seminiferous tubules

A

interstitial cells

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21
Q

define gametes

A

male or female haploid reproductive cells

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22
Q

what are the testes held in

A

scrotum

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23
Q

whats ovulation

A

the process by which a single follicle in an ovary matures and then ruptures releasing the egg in the oviduct

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24
Q

whats the endometrium

A

the mucous membrane that lines the uterus and increases in thickness in the latter part of the menstrual cycle

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25
what are stertoli cells
cells within the seminiferous tubules that support and nourish developing sperm
26
what happens if the egg is not fertilixzed
it does not implant in the endometrium and the endometrium disintegrates causing its tissues and blood to flow out of the vagina
27
what happens during sexual intercourse to ensure that urine doesn't mix with the semen
a sphincter tightens to prevent the release of urine
28
what is the function of the scrotum
it regulates the temperature of the testes by hanging closer to or farther from the body depending on the conditions so the testicles stay at a good temperature
29
whats ejaculation
the release of semen from the penis
30
what are the labia majora and labia minora and what are their functions
two pairs of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening
31
what happens to the sperm cells in the epididymis
they mature and become mobile
32
what is the function of the acrosome
stores the enzymes that are needed to penetrate the protective layer surrounding a female egg
33
what does the cytoplasm in an egg contain
nutrients for the first days of development after fertilization
34
what are follicles
specialized cell structures within the ovaries that contain an egg that will be released
35
what are the male gonads
the testes
36
what triggers ejaculation
a combination of sensory stimulation, arousal and coordinated muscular contractions
37
what do the interstitial cells do
secrete testosterone
38
what are the 3 parts of the vulva
labia majora, labia minora and glans clitoris
39
whats the vulva
the external parts of the female genital organs
40
whats the urethra
the tube through which urine exits the bladder and the body
41
what is the epididymis
a narrow, tightly coiled tube connecting the seminiferous tubules to the ductus deferens
42
what must the sperm cell do to an egg before fertilization can take place
it has to penetrate the thick membrane that the egg is encased in
43
whats menstruation
initial phase in the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium disintegrates and is expelled from the uterus of females who are not pregnant
44
define secondary sex characteristics
any of the physical manifestations that distinguish male from female but are not required for reproduction (ex. breasts)
45
define sex hormone
one of several chemical compounds that control the development and function of the reproductive system or secondary sex characteristics
46
whats the vagina
a muscular tube leading from outside the body to the uterus that serves as an entrance for the erect penis to deposit sperm during sexual intercourse and as an exit for the fetus during childbirth
47
what happens if the egg is fertilized
it will continue to move through the oviduct for several days before reaching the uterus time during which the endometrium thickens in preparation to receive the zygote; once the lining is thickened the zygote will plant itself in the endometrium and the development of the embryo begins
48
what is a fertilized egg called
a zygote
49
whats the enlarged tip of the penis called
glans penis
50
define gonad
organ that produces reproductive cells and sex hormones
51
whats semen
a fluid released from the penis during ejaculation that is a combination of sperm and glandular secretions
52
whatare fimbriae
thread-like projections that sweep the released ovum from the ovary into the cilia-lined oviduct
53
what do the ovaries do so that only one egg is produced each month
they alternate each month so that only one ovary will be functioning at a time
54
what are the seminiferous tubules
long coiled tubes inside the testes in which sperm are produced
55
whats the cervix
narrow opening of the uterus that connects to the vagina
56
are eggs motile
no
57
what happens to cause the penis to become erect
during sexual arousal blood flow increases to specialized tissues in the penis which causes the erectile tissues to expand and the veins that carry blood away from the penis become compressed which results in the penis engorging with blood and becoming erect
58
where specifically is sperm produced
in the seminiferous tubules
59
what is the ejaculatory duct
tube connecting the ductus deferens to the penis
60
where specifically is testosterone secreted from
interstitial cells
61
what structure covers the head of a sperm
acrosome
62
how are developing sperm supported and nourished
by sertoli cells
63
what is another name for the ductus deferens
vas deferens
64
where are stertoli cells located
within the seminiferous tubules
65
what are seminal vessicles
a gland behind the bladder that is connected to the ductus deferens that produces a mucus-like fluid containing the sugar fructose which provides energy for the sperm
66
what happens to a follicle each month
each month a single follicle will mature and then rupture, releasing the ovum into the oviduct
67
what is the function of the cilia in the oviduct
the beat to create a current that moves the ovum through the oviduct towards the uterus
68
what is the prostate gland
a mass of glandular tissue at the base of the urethra that secretes mucus-like alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids from the urine in the urethra
69
where are sperm transported to from each testis
the epidiymis

Biology 30 (21 decks)

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