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PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) > PRELIM 03 - Glycosides > Flashcards

PRELIM 03 - Glycosides Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Refers to a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond

A

Glycosides

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2
Q

Sugar portion of glycosides

A

Glycone

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3
Q

Non-sugar portion of glycosides

A

Aglycone

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4
Q

The glycoside present in Ginseng

A

Ginsenoside

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5
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with phenol or -OH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

O-glycosides

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6
Q

Sugar molecule is directly attached with C- atom of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

C-glycosides

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7
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with the -SH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

S-glycosides

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8
Q

Example of S-glycoside

A

Sinigrin

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9
Q

Sugar molecule is combined with N of the -NH group of aglycon (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

N-glycosides

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10
Q

Example of N-glycoside

A

Nucleoside

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11
Q

Glucose molecules are attached with the aglycone part by both C and O linkages (Types of glycosides based on linkage)

A

C&O-glycosides

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12
Q

Example of C&O-glycoside

A

Cascaroside (from Cascara)

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13
Q

The sugar portion is glucose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Glucoside

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14
Q

The sugar portion is rhamnose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Rhamnoside

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15
Q

The sugar portion is pentose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Pentoside

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16
Q

The sugar portion is fructose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Fructoside

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17
Q

The sugar portion is arabinose (Types of glycosides based on glycone)

A

Arabinoside

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18
Q

Its aglycone is digitoxigenin (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Sterol

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19
Q

Its aglycone is glycyrrhetinic acid (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Saponin

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20
Q

Its aglycone is benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid (Types of glycosides based on aglycone)

A

Cyanogentic

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21
Q

Examples include digitalis and squill (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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22
Q

Examples include senna and aloe (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

A

Laxative glucoside

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23
Q

Examples include liquorice (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

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A

Anti-ulcer glycoside

24
Q

Examples include black and white mustard (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)

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A

Local irritant

25
Examples include Salix bark (Types of glycosides based on therapeutic activity)
Analgesic and antipyretic
26
__________ have specific action on the cardiac tissues by increasing the force of systolic contraction (Types of glycosides)
Cardiac glycosides
27
Cardiac glycosides contain a __________ nucleus
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (CPPP)
28
2 aglycones of cardiac glycosides (CB)
Cardenolide, Bufadienolide
29
The solution turns to blue or violet color; confirms the presence of cardenolide aglycone (Tests for cardiac glycosides)
Keddie's test
30
The solution appears blue or violet; confirms the presence of cardenolides and bufadienolides (Tests for cardiac glycosides)
Antimony trichloride test
31
The acid layer shows a reddish-purple ring; indicates the presence of digitoxose (Tests for cardiac glycosides)
Keller-Killiani test
32
Violet color slowly changes to blue color; confirms the presence of cardiac glycosides (Tests for cardiac glycosides)
Raymond's test
33
Is a derivative of anthracene, which consists of three fused benzene rings
Anthraquinone
34
Glycosides that contain anthraquinone, anthrone, anthranol, dianthranol, oxanthrone, and dianthrone as aglycone part (Types of glycosides)
Anthraquinone glycoside
35
This test is performed for O-glycosides; presence of rose pink color (Tests for anthraquinone glycosides)
Brontrager's test
36
This test is performed for the presence of C-glycosides; presence of rose pink color (Tests for anthraquinone glycosides)
Modified Brontrager's test
37
Glycosides that contain sapogenin as the aglycone (Types of glycosides)
Saponin glycosides
38
__________ have the property of producing froth upon shaking
Saponin glycosides
39
Saponin glycosides have a __________ effect, which means that it is irritating to the mucous membrane
Sternatatory
40
Refers to the toxic aglycone of saponin glycosides
Sapotoxins
41
Saponins that are common tetracyclic triterpenoids; made up of 27 C (Types of saponin glycosides)
Steroidal saponins
42
Triterpenoids that are made up of 30 C (Types of saponin glycosides)
Pentacyclic triterpenoids
43
The solution of drug is placed in water in a test tube, shake well, and stable froth is formed (Tests for saponin glycosides)
Froth formation test
44
Solution of saponin sample is added to a few mL of blood in normal saline and mixed well (Tests for saponin glycosides)
Hemolysis test
45
In hypertensive patients, __________ increases fluid and sodium uptake and promotes potassium depletion
Glycyrrhizin
46
____________ is an extract made from pure liquorice and is used as an ingredient in aromatic cascara sagrada
Pure glycyrrhiza extract
47
The extract is treated with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid (Tests for triterpenoid glycosides)
Salkowski test
48
In the Salkowski test, the formation of __________ color at the lower layer indicates the presence of steroids
Red
49
In the Salkowski test, the formation of a __________ color indicates the presence of triterpenoids
Yellow
50
Yield hydrocyanic acid as one of the products; used as a flavoring agent, anticancer, and control for sickle cell anemia (Types of glycosides)
Cyanophore glycosides
51
Test for the presence of cyanogenic glycosides
Grignard test (+ result: brick red/red coloration)
52
Constituent of cyanophore glycosides
Amygdalin
53
Amygdalase and prunase are collectively known as __________
Emulsin
54
Drug is mixed with dilute sulfuric acid and sodium picrate is added; red color is produced (Tests for cyanophore glycosides)
Sodium picrate test
55
Drug solution is mixed with mercuric acetate; drug acetate forms and mercury is separated (Tests for cyanophore glycosides)
Mercuric acetate test
56
Found in the Brassica family; a sulfur link is present between the glycone and aglycone (Types of glycosides)
Isothiocyanate glycosides

PH 111 - Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry (Lec) (39 decks)

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