Principles of Inflammation 2

Question 1

what can apmplify a reaction?

Answer 1

mediators

Question 2

what induces cell necrosis?

Answer 2

C5 - 9 MAC (membrane attack complex)

Question 3

what effects are > than C3a

Answer 3

C5a, chemotactic for polys

Question 4

Hageman factor

Answer 4

triggers kinin system cascade

Question 5

plasmin

Answer 5

activates hageman factor, cleaves c3 + c5

Question 6

what increases vascular permeability

Answer 6

when fibrin split products

Question 7

fibrin is formed –>

Answer 7

vascular occlusion which may lead to ischemia

Question 8

IL-6 fever

Answer 8

^ CRP production by liver

Question 9

Endothelial damage

Answer 9

during wbc adhesion to endothelium

Question 10

anti-oxidants

Answer 10

superoxide dismutase

catalase

Question 11

sources of free radical

Answer 11

radition
phagocytosis, inflammation
mitochondria

Question 12

free radicals especially bind to

Answer 12

thymine –> DNA breaks

Question 13

free radicals on protein cross-linking

Answer 13

leads to enhanced degradation

Question 14

managment system to deal with free raidcals

Answer 14

SOD converts

O2 ->H2O2 + O2

Question 15

what can purines bind to?

Answer 15

receptors of platelets for activation and aggregation

Question 16

what can be released from polys?

Answer 16

purines ATP and ADP

Question 17

what reverses inflammtion? (5)

Answer 17

chalones
hemostasis
reducing swelling (lymphatics drain edema fluid from site)
mediators
anti-oxidants

Question 18

eNO reduces?

Answer 18

rollng + adhesion

Question 19

Lipoxins (reverse of inflammation)

Answer 19

part of lipo-oxygenase pathway

Question 20

what stops IL-1 production

Answer 20

pyrin (marenostrin)

Question 21

what triggers formation of inflammasome

Answer 21

bacterial endotoxins, cell necrosis and cytkines

Question 22

what activates IL-1

Answer 22

caspase 1

Question 23

what blocks activation of caspase1

Answer 23

pyrin

Question 24

antiinflammatory drugs

Answer 24

antihistamins
corticosteroids
nsaids
leukotreine drugs

Question 25

vasoactive amines (histamine)

Answer 25

released from mast cells induced by injury reorient WP bodies (p-selection

Question 26

lysomal constiuents (enz)

Answer 26

released from polys, macrophage | tissue destruction and permeabiltiy

Question 27

IL-8

Answer 27

chemotaxis for polys

Question 28

acute-short duration of inflammation

Answer 28

polys predominate

Question 29

subacute-intermiedaite duration of inflammation

Answer 29

polys, granulation tissue + round cells

Question 30

chornic-long duration of inflammation

Answer 30

no polys, -->healing with collagen | lympcotes, macrophages and plasma cells

Question 31

chronic-granuomatous | features:

Answer 31

localized, replaces normal tissue | giant cells, necrosis

Question 32

chronic-granulomatous | general causes:

Answer 32

delated hypersensivity, foriegn material

Question 33

chronic-granulomatous | specific causes:

Answer 33

TB, fungus, syphilis, sutures

Question 34

what is a ganuloma

Answer 34

macrophages fused together forming giant cells

Question 35

what influences grnaulomas

Answer 35

IL-4 made by Th2 cells

Question 36

what does granuloma cause?

Answer 36

E-caderin expression on cell surface and fusion

Question 37

serous

Answer 37

watery blister

Question 38

effusion

Answer 38

serous fluid in body cavity

Question 39

catarrhal

Answer 39

water + mucous

Question 40

fibrinous

Answer 40

fibrin on surfaces

Question 41

purulent

Answer 41

pus with polys abcess

Question 42

hemorrhagic

Answer 42

vascular damage-bacteria

Question 43

pseudomembranous

Answer 43

dead cells + polys

Question 44

increased pmns in blood

Answer 44

leukocytosis

Question 45

Esoinophilic leukocytosis

Answer 45

allergic reactions, parasiic infections

Question 46

acute phase reactants include

Answer 46

fibrinogen, glibulins, C-reactive protein and protein SAA

Question 47

Elevated CRP

Answer 47

post op, after acute MI, infections, inflammatory disease

Question 48

CRP rises in serum after

Answer 48

4-6 hours

Question 49

stimulant of increased hapatic CRP production

Answer 49

IL-6

Question 50

ESR elevated in patients with inflammation

Answer 50

system inflammatory disease, infection