Proteins

Question 1

Amino Acid general structure

Answer 1

R group
Amino - alpha carbon - carboxyl
H

Question 2

How do peptide bonds form?

Answer 2

Dehydration synthesis (water out, peptide bond formed) between Amino and Carboxyl

Question 3

Different protein functions (8)

Answer 3

Enzymatic, Defensive, Storage, Transport, Hormonal, Receptor, Contractile/Motor, Structural

Question 4

Enzymatic protein

Answer 4

Function: Selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Example: Digestive enzymes

Question 5

Defensive protein

Answer 5

Function: Protect against disease

Example: Antibodies

Question 6

Hormonal protein

Answer 6

Function: Coordinate organisms activities

Example: Insulin tells body to take up glucose

Question 7

Receptor protein

Answer 7

Function: Respond to chemical stimuli

Example: Receptors

Question 8

Contractile and motor proteins

Answer 8

Function: Movement

Example: Actin and moving make muscle contractions

Question 9

Structural protien

Answer 9

Function: Support

Example: Keratin is protein of hair, horns, feathers. Also collagen

Question 10

Globular protien

Answer 10

A roughly spherical shaped protien

Question 11

Fibrous protien

Answer 11

3 polypeptides coiled like long rope

Question 12

Primary structure

Answer 12

Linear chain of amino acids

Question 13

Secondary Structure

Answer 13

alpha helix shape or a beta pleated shape caused by hydrogen bonds between the polypeptide backbone

Question 14

Alpha helix secondary structure

Answer 14

Coil shape held by hydrogen bonds between every fourth amino acids

Question 15

Beta pleated sheet

Answer 15

Two or more parallel polypeptide chains connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Tertiary Structure

Answer 16

3D dimensional shape of protein made from interactions between the side chains

Question 17

TS: Hydrogen bond

Answer 17

Attraction between polar side chains
(Have OH, NH)

Question 18

TS: hydrophobic interaction

Answer 18

Nonpolar amino acids bond together, causing van Der Waals interaction
(CH or just H. Also 2 ring NH)

Question 19

TS: Ionic bond

Answer 19

(+ or - charge)

Question 20

TS: Disulphide bridge

Answer 20

-SH plus -SH
Equal S-S

Question 21

Quaternary Structure

Answer 21

Protien made of more than one polypeptide (multiple TS put together)

Question 22

Enzyme mechanism to make reactions easier and faster

Answer 22

Align reactants when multiple, stretch substrates to encourage breaking of bonds, better microenviroment, directly participate in reactions.

Question 23

Cofactor

Answer 23

Non-organic enzyme helper

Question 24

Coenzyme

Answer 24

Organic enzyme helper

Question 25

Hydrophobic interactions use what side chains (R Group)?

Answer 25

Nonpolar Hydrophobic, H and the ones with CH

Question 26

Ionic bonds use what side chains (R groups)?

Answer 26

Charged hydrophilic, + and - charged ones

Question 27

Hydrogen bonds use what side chains?

Answer 27

Polar Hydrophilic, OH

Question 28

Hydrogen bonds use