PSY2004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 10

Question 1

what is prevalence of symptomatic adult ADHD

Answer 1

6.8%

Question 2

define symptomatic adult ADHD?

Answer 2

presence of above diagnostic threshold ADHD symptoms in adulthood

Question 3

what is prevalence of persistent adult ADHD

Answer 3

2.6%

Question 3

what is prevalence of anxiety in autism

Answer 3

27%

Question 3

what is prevalence of depression in ADHD

Answer 3

18.6%

Question 4

what is prevalence anxiey in ADHD

Answer 4

47%

Question 4

explain shared-gene risk reason of increased anxiety/depression for NDC - Ghiradi (2021), using familial/genetic assoc to identify genetic links

Answer 4

anx/depres linked to autism with odds ratio>1 in all family relationships and greatest rel in MZ = suggest genetic component

Question 4

what is prevalence of depression in autism

Answer 4

23%

Question 5

define persistent adult ADHD?

Answer 5

presence of above diagnostic threshold ADHD symptoms in adulthood with additional requirement of confirmed onset in childhood

Question 5

name 4 reason of increased anxiety/depression for neurodevelopmental conditions?

Answer 5

shared gene risk, challenges associated with condition, adverse environmental experiences, co-occurring difficulties

Question 6

what does odds ratios do

Answer 6

provide statistical method for understanding asoc btw/ exposure, outcome

Question 7

what is OR=1

Answer 7

exposure to cause doesn’t lead to effect

Question 8

what is OR<1

Answer 8

greater exposure to cause associated with less of effect

Question 9

what is OR>1

Answer 9

greater exposure to cause associated with larger effect

Question 10

explain challenges associated with condition reason of increased anxiety/depression for NDC

Answer 10

emot regulation, social interactions leads to feeling of frustration, isolation= contribute anx/dep

Question 11

what did Hymas (2024- metanalysis) into loneliness of NDC find

Answer 11

pooled effect size of 0.89 - large effect, suggesting autistic adults report higher level loneliness>neurotypicals

Question 12

explain how loneliness is a correlate of anxiety and depression in autism, ie how strong relationship

Answer 12

• strong rel (r=0.48) btw/ depression + loneliness
• weak but signif rel (r=0.29) btw/ anxiety + loneliness

Question 13

explain adverse environmental experiences reason of increased anxiety/depression for NDC

Answer 13

sleep problem, sensory issues

Question 14

define social prescribing

Answer 14

healthcare model where health professionals connect people to wellbeing-enhancing activities in commun ie, exercise/advice group and nature referral

Question 15

what may psychoeduational group-based intervention to reduce anx/dep in ASD do

Answer 15

focus on social isolation and bullying, victimisation, rels, neg social experi
psychoed on improvements

Question 16

what are positive outcomes of psychoeducative group for ASD

Answer 16

reduce hostile automat thoughts, fight/flight, rel and rejec anxiety, violence, loneliness
increase self-compas, pos thinking, motivations to engage

Question 17

outline aspects of social model - social disability frameworks

Answer 17

badly designed buildings, poor job prosp, isolated fam, stair no ramp, inaccess transport, discrimin

Question 18

what did Guntulu (2019) find regarding criticism for NDC in texts on SM

Answer 18

analysis of social-media text, ADHD use language associated with criticism and failure more than neuroty

Question 19

what did Beaton (2020-22) find regarding criticism questionnaire for ADHDs

Answer 19

higher perceive criticism for adult with ADHD

Question 20

name 5 advantage to use online data collection

Answer 20

increase access to represen sample data collected quickly cheap>ftf more resilient to external factor (lockdown etc) accessing more ppt

Question 21

name 4 disadvantage to use online data collection

Answer 21

limited oversight of ppt= concern about integrity of data no control over environment where/how ppt completes reduced opportunity for ppt to ask q reduced opportunity for debriefs

Question 22

how did Beaton aim with reducing cons of online collection method of research

Answer 22

- required multiple crit met for ppts inclusion in ADHD groups - included attention-checks, excluded ppts who didn’t pass check - study didn’t incentivise people who had specific experiences

Question 23

name 3 elements in self-compassion

Answer 23

self-kindness vs self-judgement common humanity vs isolation mindfulness vs over-identification

Question 24

outline self-kindness vs self-judgement aspects in self-compassion

Answer 24

tendency to be understanding and warm toward self than taking judgement/hostile approach toward diffic experience

Question 25

outline common humanity vs isolation aspects in self-compassion

Answer 25

recognition that failure and suffering part of a human experience and is not unique to indiv

Question 26

outline mindfulness vs over-identification aspects in self-compassion

Answer 26

ability to have awareness of experience as is, without overidentifying and applying global

Question 27

what can low self-compassion in ADHD account for

Answer 27

why adults have low wellbeing, higher depression/anxiety, high level stress

Question 28

how may self compassion mediate MHI in ADHD adult

Answer 28

SC buffer neg emot consequence of academic failure, rel issues and criticisms - treatment application

Question 29

what mental cog characteristic is present in ADHD adult

Answer 29

emotional dysregulation, maladaptive self schemata, limited resilience

Question 30

outline 2-continua model of mental health proposes

Answer 30

wellbeing and illbeing on dual-axis (but isnt linearcontinu) can have ill symptom and flourish in wellbeing, so both need considering in MHI