PSY2004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 5

Question 1

what does a relative strength mean

Answer 1

delayed compared to age matched peers, but strength in own overall profile

Question 2

name strengths in williams syndrome

Answer 2

verbal lang, speech produc, fluency, syntax and grammar

Question 3

name weaknesses of williams syndrome

Answer 3

pragmatics (understanding intended word meanings), EF (IC, planning, WM), visuospat

Question 4

what % austistic children have internalising disorder

Answer 4

26-40%

Question 5

what behaviour problems can children w ASD have

Answer 5

SH, anxiety, compulsions, withdrawal, uncooperative behaviour, aggression, destruction of property

Question 6

name strengths of ASD

Answer 6

attention to detail, pattern recognition (strong systemising abilities)
superior visual search skills

Question 7

Shirama, Kato & Kashino (2017) studied superior visual search skills, how?

Answer 7

2 visual search task, increased level of difficulty per task (conjunction vs feature search) and found outperforms neurotyp

Question 8

What did Gonzalez (2013) find for visual search using airport xrays for ASD

Answer 8

ASD + control accurate identify when target present, but ASD improved overtime in accurately rejecting bags where target wasn’t present

when task taps into particular strength of ASD= observed enhanced performance

Question 9

what are weaknesses in ASD

Answer 9

EF (IC, CF, WM), ToM

Question 10

name a physical intervention, and why it is good for william syndrome

Answer 10

physiotherapy- often low muscle tone, balance, coordination difficulty

Question 11

name behavioural interventions in neurodevelopmental conditions

Answer 11

ABA, early start Denver model

Question 12

name psychological interventions in neurodevelopmental conditions

Answer 12

music therapy, play therapy

Question 13

name language interventions in neurodevelopmental conditions

Answer 13

PECS

Question 14

what is PECS

Answer 14

picture exchange communication system
communicate via pictures, learning process aiming for child then using speech and learning how verbal speech work via PECS

Question 15

outline a guide of PECS improvement from picture exchanges to verbal speech

Answer 15

pic exchanges
generalise to other loca, people
2 picture exchange
sentence construction
verb +adjective
answer q
comments

Question 16

what is makaton

Answer 16

symbols, signs, speech supporting development of essential communication skills like attention, listening, comprehension, memory, recall, organisation of language + expression
not complete language, aim to support learning verbal speech

Question 17

what are the 2 vocabularies, learnt in sequence, in makaton

Answer 17

• core vocabulary of essential words, concepts presented in stages increased complexity
• topic-based resource vocabulary (larger, open ended) allow bank of further signs, symbols covering broader life experiences

Question 18

what is play therapy

Answer 18

learning understand world, place in it, emotions
minimise communication gap between child, adult and aid express feelings through toy

Question 19

how often is play therapy, and whats 2 structures?

Answer 19

30-1hr per week, individually/group
directive/indirective

Question 20

what is directive play therapy

Answer 20

therapist takes lead, specifies toy

Question 21

what is non-directive play therapy

Answer 21

less structured, child able to choose toys, games and play in their own way, therapist closely observe, ppt as appropriate

Question 22

how can play therapy help child with neurodevelopmental

Answer 22

reduced ADHD behaviour, social anxiety, increase social-emotional competency in autistic children

Question 23

name potential benefit of music therapy

Answer 23

aid self-expression, concentration, listening, language development, turn-taking, spontaneous play
as well as muscles, coordination

Question 24

what therapy is helpful for williams

Answer 24

associated with heightened musicality - educational tool??

Question 25

what did Dunning (2015) find regarding music training

Answer 25

2 groups- music training, without. better verbal recall when info was sung for those without lessons those with training showed good recall for spoken info =music aids verbal WM in williams

Question 26

what is applied behavioural analysis?

Answer 26

improves social, communication, learning skills through positive reinforcement operant/positive conditioning controversial in autism

Question 27

what did ABA used to be like

Answer 27

v intensive, 40hrs 1-1 a week

Question 28

how does applied behavioural analysis work

Answer 28

- first therapist observe child with parents, make plan to address certain behaviours: - reducing tantrums, harmful behaviour - increasing and improving communication plans include specific strategy caregiver, teacher, therapist can use to achieve goals ABA relies on parents, caregivers to help reinforce desired behaviours outside of therapy

Question 29

what did Peters-Scheffer (2011) meta-analysis on ABA, in autism, find

Answer 29

EIBI (early intensive behavioural intervention), outperform control on IQ, nonverb IQ, expressive/recep lang, adaptive behaviour, communication, daily live skill, socialisation

Question 30

what does EIBI (specialist ABA treatment) use

Answer 30

focus on remediation deficient lang, imitation, pre-academics, self-help, social interaction skills break down into component and use 1-1, discrete trial teaching, reinforcement, backward chaining, shaping, extinction, prompting, prompt fading