PSY2004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 2

Question 1

why is defining atypical development always difficult

Answer 1

individual differences in rate of development, traits, strength, weakness

Question 2

name different types in atypical dev

Answer 2

delay, delay with catchup, lower starting point, advanced

Question 3

define developmental regression

Answer 3

period where a particular skill is developing along a typical trajectory, but then a child loses aspects of this skill, eg; stops speaking in 2 word phrase

Question 4

where is developmental regressions most common seen

Answer 4

ASD & intellectual disability
language, motor skill

Question 5

name 5 developmental domain

Answer 5

adaptive behaviour, social, cognitive, physical, motor skills

Question 6

name aspects in adaptive behaviour

Answer 6

daily living skills, ability to work, independence, personal responsibility, managing money, personal safety, functional decision making

Question 7

name components in social development

Answer 7

emotional IQ, gestures, turn taking, nonverbal communication, social interaction, verbal communication, empathy, reciprocal eye contact

Question 8

name component for cognitive development

Answer 8

memory, numerical ability, IQ, attention, language, executive function

Question 9

name components of physical development

Answer 9

facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, macrocephaly, diff physical features

Question 10

name components in motor skill development

Answer 10

fine + gross motor, coordination, activity level, balance

Question 11

what is very important to remember in group comparisons against representative

Answer 11

choose right group - ie, may not be age instead but a IQ level
can be subjective, relative and may not be good at specific skill compared to others but is one of their strengths (relative strength)

Question 12

name 2 type of cognition tools for testing atypical development

Answer 12

specific experimental designs, standardised tests

Question 13

what are specific experimental designs (cognitive tests)

Answer 13

investigate specific RQ, target specific behaviours, with formats varying wide depending on RQ and methodology
- compare ppts results with matched control groups

Question 14

give examples for specific experimental design (cognitive tests)

Answer 14

face recognition task, ToM, EF

Question 15

what are standardised tests (cognitive tasks)

Answer 15

measures knowledge/skill, consistent comparable across large populations
follow fixed format, specific instruction, question, scoring procedure then standardise score to indicate how well performed against other regardless of individuals diff

Question 16

give examples of standardised tests (cognitive tests)

Answer 16

WAIS, WISC, British Ability Scales

Question 17

compare specific and standardised test on goal (cognitive tests)

Answer 17

standardised measures broader knowledge/skill
experiments test specific skills/test hypothesis

Question 18

compare specific and standardised test on scope (cognitive tests)

Answer 18

standardised broad in scope, covers range of topic/skill
experiment focused on specific RQs

Question 19

compare specific and standardised test on generalisability (cognitive tests)

Answer 19

standardised can generalise to larger population but experiment limited depending on their sample, condition

Question 20

what age is WISC for

Answer 20

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children = age 6-16

Question 21

define WISC

Answer 21

collection of tasks that each focuses on a specific domain

Question 22

what 5 domains does WISC include

Answer 22

WM index
verb compreh index
processing speed index
fluid reasoning index
visual spatial index

Question 23

in WISC, what is WM index

Answer 23

ability to hold info in mind

Question 24

in WISC, what is verbal comprehension index

Answer 24

ability to understand and use language, + verbal reasoning skills

Question 25

in WISC, what is processing speed index

Answer 25

ability to quickly and accurately process info

Question 26

in WISC, what is fluid reasoning index

Answer 26

ability to solve novel problems and think flexibly

Question 27

in WISC, what is visual spatial index

Answer 27

ability to perceive, analyse, manipulate visual info

Question 28

what is WISC FSIQ, full scale IQ, split into?

Answer 28

performance IQ (PIQ) and verbal IQ (VIQ)

Question 29

name an example of a test of adaptive behaviour

Answer 29

VABS - vineland adaptive behaviour scale

Question 30

summaries VABS -testing adaptive behaviour

Answer 30

semi-structured interview with parent/caregivers, teacher involving communication, daily living skills, socialisation, motor skills, maladaptive behaviour

Question 31

in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of communication may study

Answer 31

- receptive- what child understand - expressive- what child say - written- what child read/write

Question 32

in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of daily living skills may study

Answer 32

- personal- eats, dress - domestic- household task - community- using time + money

Question 33

in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of socialisation may study

Answer 33

- interpersonal relationships - play and leisure - coping skills

Question 34

in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of motor skills may study

Answer 34

gross, fine

Question 35

in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of maladaptive behaviour may study

Answer 35

internalising, externalising

Question 36

for VABS, what is advatage of using semi struc intervi

Answer 36

parent may not be sure whats meant and what typical so can use a follow up questions, clarify

Question 37

name 2 tests for non-verbal ppts

Answer 37

Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised (Leiter-R)

Question 38

what is Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) and for what ages?

Answer 38

assess nonverb reasoning and prob solv, 4-21 use visual stimuli requiring minimal verb instruction object assembly, block design + picture arrangement

Question 39

what is Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised (Leiter-R) and for what age

Answer 39

assess cognitive ability, 3-75 matching pictures, completing pattern + solving maze

Question 40

what is Leiter-R useful in

Answer 40

ASD, language/hearing impairment

Question 41

name 2 tests for toddlers and babies

Answer 41

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) Infant-Toddler Developmental Assessment (IDA)

Question 42

what age is Bayley-III, used in

Answer 42

1-42 months

Question 43

what age is IDA, used in

Answer 43

birth to 36 months, at risk of developmental delay, condition

Question 44

what does Bayley-III (for toddlers) look at

Answer 44

evaluate cognitive, motor, language, social-emotional, adaptive behaviour eg, obs motor skills (rolling), tests cognition (attention span), social interaction

Question 45

what does IDA (for toddlers) look at

Answer 45

evaluate cog, motor, lang, socioemotional, adaptive behaviour through observation, parent report, standardised tasks often for early intervention and identification if needs addit supports

Question 46

what is a raw score

Answer 46

addition of all scores, not comparable to eg; older individual so convert into standardised scores

Question 47

what is standardised scores

Answer 47

value represent how ppt perform compared against others of same age, gender removes individual differences "T score"

Question 48

what is mean in T score

Answer 48

50 representing mean 10 represents 1SD above/below mean

Question 49

names benefits of standardised score

Answer 49

- enable a researcher or clinician standardise performance across different groups, test - provide common language for discussing test performance regardless of how actual test is designed - easily interpretable for clinician/researcher - no one set way of standardising although all ends up allowing same comparison

Question 50

what may some ASD have superior performances for

Answer 50

fluid reasoning, VSS, WM with peaks but deficit in processing speed, verbal reasoining

Question 51

what do ASD score low on

Answer 51

distractibility, processing speed, perceptual reasoning, comprehension but no significant difference depending on those with high/low autism