PSY2004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
how is william’s syndrome diagnosed
physical, cognitive feature, confirmed with genetic blood test (FISH- fluorescent in situ hybridisation) to identify absence of ELN (elastin) gene
how is DS diagnosed - prenatal
screening test 10-14 weeks (during 12 week scan)
combined test of blood (containing DNA from foetus in mothers bloods) and nuchal translucency scan
what is nuchal translucency scan
check build of fluid at back of neck, larger has greater chance of chromosomal abnormality
when is DS mother offered amniocentesises
if test shows high risk, offered to confirm using voluntary sample of amniotic fluid, containing DNAs
how can DS be diagnosed - postnatal
check physical characteristic - if unclear, follow up with blood test (checking presence for a extra chromosome)
what is comorbidity between ADHD, + autism
70%
compare DSM-4, DSM-5 on ADHD & autism comorbidity
DSM-4, prohibited dual diagnosis but DSM-5 = 2 seperate conditions
however traits highly overlaps
how is ADHD diagnosed (primary/secondary care)
primary care- GP, social worker, educat psych
secondary care- psychiatrist, psychologist in CAMHS
what is ADHD diagnosis based on
behaviours in range of different settings
full developmental/psychiatric histories + observer reports
assessment of person’s mental state
screening instruments can supplement (not alone)
name 2 ADHD screening instrument
Conner’s rating scales
strengths and difficulties questionnaire
in DSM-5, what is needed in inattention section for ADHD, and in hyperactivity+impulsivity section
6+ symptom up to age 16, 5+ in age 17 and older, present 6months+ and inappropriate for developmental level
in DSM-5, give some inattention symptoms - ADHD
fail close attention, careless mistake
trouble holding attention
don’t listen
doesn’t follow isntructions
trouble organising
avoid tasks that requiring mental efforts
loses things
easily distracted
forgetful in daily activity
in DSM-5, give some symptoms for hyperactivity+impulsivity - ADHD
fidget lots
leaves seats
runs/climbs
unable to play quiet
often on go, “driven by motor”
talk excessively
blurt out answer
trouble waiting turn
interrupting
what is Conner’s scale
questionnaire screening for behaviours, initial evaluation if ADHD suspected and follow-up to help monitor medication or behaviour modifications working
1 for parents, teachers, self report
what are components of Conner’s scale
allocated to different areas=
inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, learning problems, executive functioning, defiance/aggression, peer relations
how may clinician score Conners scale
total score from each subsection then assign raw scores to correct age group column within each scale, then converted to a standardised “Tscore”
what does an ASD assessment include
questions about parent/carer concern, home life, education, social care and development history, medical history (pre/perinatal, family history, past/current health), physical examination
ASD in DSM-5 “persistent deficit in social communication and social interaction in multiple contx”, what 3 must individuals meet?
- socio-emotional reciprocity eg; failing back-forth combo, reduced sharing of interest/emotions, failure initiates/respond to social interactions
- nonverbal communicative behaviour in soc interactions eg; poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication, eye-contact, body language, using gestures, lacking facial expres
- developing, maintaining, understanding relationships eg; difficulty adjusting beh in social context, sharing play, making friend
in ASD diagnosing ‘restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests/activity’ name 2 that an individual has to meet?
- stereotype/repetitive motor movement, use of object, speech
- insisting sameness, inflexible adherence routine, ritualised patterns of verbal/non behaviour
- highly restricted, fixated interests abnormal intensitiy/focus
- hyper/hyporeactivity of sensory inputs; indifference to pain, adverse resopnse to specific sounds/texture, excessive smelling/touching object and fascination with light
name 2 standardised tools used for ASC
Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule
Autism Diagnostic Inventory
summarise autism diagnostic observational schedule
series of tasks, coded in ‘semi-structured’ interview
coded interactions for absence/presence certain key behaviour
5 modules
name the 5 modules in autism diagnostic observational schedule
- toddler: 12-30 months, with no consistent speech)
- module 1: 31 months+ with no consistent speech
- module 2: children any age, are not verbally fluent
- module 3: children and young adolescents, who are verbally fluent
- module 4: older adolescents, adult, who are verbally fluent
summarise autism diagnostic inventory
parent interviews, focused on development milestones, social behaviour
focus on age 4/5
what is average age of ASC diagnos
5.5
parental concern = 18month
