Psyc Ch. 13

Question 1

Anomia

Answer 1

difficulty recalling the names of objects

Question 2

Aphasia

Answer 2

language impairment

Question 3

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 3

brain damage that causes impaired language

Question 4

Broca’s area

Answer 4

portion of the brain that is associated with language production

Question 5

Dyslexia

Answer 5

a specific impairment of reading in someone with adequate vision, adequate motivation, and adequate overall cognitive skills

Question 6

Interpreter

Answer 6

tendency of the left hemisphere to invent an explanation for an action when the true cause was unconscious

Question 7

Language Acquisition Device

Answer 7

a built-in mechanism for acquiring language

Question 8

Lateralization

Answer 8

divisions of labor between the two brain hemispheres

Question 9

Nonfluent aphasia

Answer 9

brain damage that causes impaired language

Question 10

Optic Chiasm

Answer 10

area where axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain

Question 11

Planum Temporale

Answer 11

section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere PNS. See Peripheral nervous system

Question 12

Productivity

Answer 12

ability of language to produce new signals to represent new ideas

Question 13

Split-Brain People

Answer 13

people who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum

Question 14

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 14

condition characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember the name of objects

Question 15

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 15

portion of the brain located near the auditory cortex, associated with language comprehension

Question 16

Williams Syndrome

Answer 16

condition in which the person has relatively good language abilities in spite of impairments in other regards

Question 17

Backward Masking

Answer 17

procedure in which a visual stimulus interferes with perception and memory of the preceding stimulus

Question 18

Binocular Rivalry

Answer 18

alternating conscious perceptions that occur when one views incompatible displays with the two eyes

Question 19

Conscious

Answer 19

capable of reporting the presence of a stimulus

Question 20

Flash Suppression

Answer 20

procedure of blocking conscious perception of a stationary object by surrounding it with flashing objects

Question 21

Hard Problem

Answer 21

philosophical question as to why and how brain activity becomes conscious

Question 22

Identity Position

Answer 22

view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms

Question 23

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 23

tendency to ignore most changes in a scene that occur slowly or during an eyeblink

Question 24

Masking

Answer 24

use of one stimulus to block perception of another

Question 25

Materialism

Answer 25

view that everything that exists is material or physical

Question 26

Mentalism

Answer 26

view that only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it

Question 27

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 27

tendency to see something as moving back and forth between positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions

Question 28

Spatial Neglect

Answer 28

a tendency to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

Question 29

Stroop Effect

Answer 29

the difficulty of saying the color of ink of a word instead of reading the word itself

Question 30

Empathy

Answer 30

the ability to identify with other people and share their experience almost as if it were one’s own

Question 31

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 31

disorder in which one of the possible symptoms is a lack of empathy and concern for other people FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 32

Orbitofrontal Cortex

Answer 32

brain area that responds to a reward based on how it compares to other likely outcomes

Question 33

Social Neuroscience

Answer 33

the study of how genes, chemicals, and brain activity contribute to social behavior

Question 34

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 34

brain area that updates preferences based on recent information and monitors confidence in a decision