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Psyc 275 > Psyc Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Psyc Ch. 3 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Amygdala

A

temporal lobe structure important for evaluating emotional information

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

part of the PNS that controls the heart, intestines, and other organs

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3
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

a group of subcortical forebrain structures lateral to the thalamus

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4
Q

Brainstem

A

the medulla, pons, midbrain, and central structure of the forebrain

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5
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

highly folded hindbrain structure that is important for behaviors that depend on accurate timing

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7
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

a clear fluid similar to blood plasma produced by choroid plexus in the brain ventricles

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8
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

nerves that control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs

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9
Q

Dorsal

A

located toward the back

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10
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

clusters of sensory neurons outside the spinal cord

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11
Q

Forebrain

A

most anterior part of the brain; consists of two cerebral hemispheres

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12
Q

Gray Matter

A

areas of the nervous system that are densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

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13
Q

Hindbrain

A

the posterior part of the brain

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14
Q

Hippocampus

A

a large structure located toward the posterior of the forebrain, between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Hypothalamus

A

small area near the base of the brain, ventral to the thalamus

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16
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

swelling on the surface of the tectum that contributes to hearing

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17
Q

Limbic System

A

interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem

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18
Q

Medulla

A

hindbrain structure located just above the spinal cord; could be regarded as an enlarged extension of the spinal cord MEG. See Magnetoencephalograph

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19
Q

Meninges

A

membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

Midbrain

A

middle part of the brain

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21
Q

Nucleus Basalis

A

a forebrain structure that lies on the ventral surface; receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia; sends axons to areas in the cerebral cortex

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22
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

system of nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body’s organs

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Pons

A

hindbrain structure that lies anterior and ventral to the medulla

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25
Somatic Nervous System
part of the PNS that consists of the axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles
26
Spinal Cord
part of the CNS; it communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head
27
Substantia Nigra
a midbrain structure that gives rise to a pathway releasing dopamine
28
Superior Colliculus
swelling on either side of the tectum; important to visual processing
29
Sympathetic Nervous System
a network of nerves that prepare the organs for vigorous activity
30
Tectum
roof of the midbrain
31
Tegmentum
intermediate level of the midbrain
32
Thalamus
a pair of structures in the center of the forebrain
33
Ventral
toward the stomach
34
Ventricles
four fluid-filled cavities within the brain
35
White Matter
area of the nervous system consisting of myelinated axons
36
Anterior Commisure
bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
37
Binding Problem
question of how various brain areas produce a perception of a single object
38
Central Suclus
one of the deepest grooves in the surface of the cerebral cortex
39
Cerebral Cortex
layers of cells on the outer surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the forebrain
40
Columns
groups of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex and to its laminae
41
Corpus Callosum
bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
42
Delayed-Response Task
assignment in which an animal must respond on the basis of a signal that it remembers but that is no longer present
43
Frontal Lobe
section of cerebral cortex that extends from the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain
44
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
a behavioral disorder caused by temporal lobe damage
45
Laminae
layer of cell bodies that are parallel to the surface of the cerebral cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers
46
Occipital Lobe
posterior section of the cerebral cortex
47
Parietal Lobe
section of the cerebral cortex between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus
48
Postcentral Gyrus
area just posterior to the central gyrus; primary receptor site for touch and other body sensations
49
Precentral Gyrus
the posterior portion of the frontal lobe of the cortex, specialized for control of movement
50
Prefrontal Cortex
anterior portion of the frontal lobe, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for a movement
51
Prefrontal Lobotomy
surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
52
Primates
order of mammals that includes monkeys, apes, and humans
53
Temporal Lobe
the lateral portion of each hemisphere, near the temples
54
Ablation
removal of a brain area, generally with a surgical knife
55
Computerized Axial Tomography
method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and placing a person’s head into a CT scanner; x-rays are passed through the head and recorded by detectors on the opposite side
56
EEG
a device that records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes attached to the scalp
57
Lesion evoked potentials or evoked responses
electrical recordings on the scalp from brain activity in response to a stimulus
58
fMRI
a modified version of MRI that measures energies based on hemoglobin instead of water; determines the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and using the most oxygen
59
Lesion
damage to a structure
60
MRI
method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and a radio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release
61
MEG
a device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity
62
Optogenetics
a device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity
63
Phrenology
a process of attempting to relate skull anatomy to behavior
64
PET
method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals
65
Stereotaxic Instrument
a device for the precise placement of electrodes in the brain
66
TMS
the application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, temporarily inactivating neurons below the magnet

Psyc 275 (10 decks)

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