Psyc Ch. 14

Question 1

Affinity

Answer 1

tendency of a drug to bind to a receptor

Question 2

Agonist

Answer 2

a drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 3

Antabuse

Answer 3

drug that antagonizes the effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by binding to its copper ion

Question 4

Antagonist

Answer 4

a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter

Question 5

Craving

Answer 5

an insistent search for something

Question 6

Efficacy

Answer 6

a drug’s tendency to activate the receptor

Question 7

Methadone

Answer 7

drug similar to heroin and morphine that is taken orally

Question 8

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 8

brain area that is rich in dopamine and is central to the brain’s reinforcement system

Question 9

Self-Stimulation of the Brain

Answer 9

behavior that is reinforced by electrical stimulation of a brain area

Question 10

Tolerance

Answer 10

decreased effect of a drug after repeated use tPA. See Tissue plasminogen activator

Question 11

Withdrawal

Answer 11

effects of drug cessation

Question 12

Atypical Antidepressants

Answer 12

drugs with antidepressant effects that do not fit into any of the other antidepressant categories

Question 13

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 13

a condition that alternates between depression and mania

Question 14

Deep Brain Stimulation

Answer 14

use of a battery-powered device implanted into a brain to deliver stimulation to certain areas

Question 15

ECT

Answer 15

a treatment for depression by electrically inducing a seizure

Question 16

Lithium

Answer 16

element whose salts are often used as therapy for bipolar disorder

Question 17

Major Depression

Answer 17

a condition in which people feel sad and helpless every day for weeks at a time

Question 18

Mania

Answer 18

a condition characterized by restless activity, excitement, laughter, self-confidence, rambling speech, and loss of inhibitions Manic-depressive disorder. See Bipolar disorder

Question 19

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Answer 19

drugs that block the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), a presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms

Question 20

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 20

depression that recurs during a particular season, such as winter

Question 21

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Answer 21

drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the presynaptic terminal

Question 22

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Answer 22

drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 23

Tricylics

Answer 23

antidepressant drugs that block the reuptake of catecholamines and serotonin by presynaptic terminals

Question 24

Antipsychotic or Neuroleptic Drugs

Answer 24

drugs that tend to relieve schizophrenia and similar conditions

Question 25

Butyrophenones

Answer 25

a chemical family that includes antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol) that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia CAH. See Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 26

Chlorpromazine

Answer 26

antipsychotic drug that relieves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia for most, though not all, patients

Question 27

Concordance

Answer 27

similarity, such as having the same disorder as someone else

Question 28

Delusions

Answer 28

unjustifiable beliefs

Question 29

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 29

one that rules out other conditions with similar symptoms

Question 30

DISC1

Answer 30

(disrupted in schizophrenia 1) gene that controls production of dendritic spines and the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus

Question 31

Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Answer 31

idea that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapses in certain brain areas

Question 32

Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Answer 32

proposal that schizophrenia relates in part to deficient activity at glutamate synapses, especially in the prefrontal cortex

Question 33

Hallucinations

Answer 33

false sensory experiences

Question 34

Mesolimbocorticol System

Answer 34

a set of neurons that project from the midbrain tegmentum to the limbic system

Question 35

Microdeletion

Answer 35

deletion of a small part of a chromosome

Question 36

Negative Symptoms

Answer 36

absence of behaviors ordinarily seen in normal people (e.g., lack of emotional expression)

Question 37

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Answer 37

proposal that schizophrenia begins with abnormalities in the prenatal or neonatal development of the nervous system, based on either genetics or other influences

Question 38

Phencyclidine

Answer 38

drug that inhibits the NMDA glutamate receptors

Question 39

Phenothiazines

Answer 39

a chemical family that includes antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine) that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 40

Positive Symptoms

Answer 40

presence of behaviors not seen in normal people

Question 41

Schizophrenia

Answer 41

A severe mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally.

Question 42

Season-of-Birth Effect

Answer 42

tendency for people born in winter to have a slightly greater probability of developing schizophrenia than people born at other times of the year

Question 43

Second-Generation Antipsychotics

Answer 43

drugs that alleviate schizophrenia with less likelihood of movement problems

Question 44

Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Answer 44

condition similar to schizophrenia, provoked by large, repeated doses of a drug

Question 45

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 45

a movement disorder characterized by tremors and other involuntary movements

Question 46

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 46

family of psychological disorders marked by impaired social and emotional exchange and other symptoms

Question 47

Folic Acid

Answer 47

vitamin that is important for development of the nervous system