PT tests and measures for Cardiopulm

Question 1

Angina pain scales:
1
2
3
4

Answer 1

mild
moderate
moderately severe
most severe

Question 2

ABI

Answer 2

checks for peripheral artery disease
divide the highest ankle by the highest arm

Question 3

ABI interpretation
<1.4
1.0-1.4
0.8-0.99
0.4-0.79
<0.4

Answer 3

rigid and check for peripheral artery
normal
mild blockage
moderate blockage
severe blockage

Question 4

If BP cuff is too small

Answer 4

false high reading

Question 5

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 5

> 180 and/ or >120

Question 6

S1

Answer 6

first heart sound
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 7

S2

Answer 7

2nd heart sound
closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 8

S3

Answer 8

vibrations of the distended ventricle walls
normal in healthy young children

Question 9

S4

Answer 9

pathological vibration of ventricular wall
associated with HTN, stenosis, hypertensive heart disease and MI

Question 10

Heart murmurs

Answer 10

vibrations longer duration than the heart sounds
soft, blowing or swishing

Question 11

Tracheal and bronchial normal breath sounds

Answer 11

loud, tubular sounds normally heard over the trachea
inspiratory phase is shorter than expiratory
slight pause in between
Bronchial sounds heard over distal airways is considered abnormal

Question 12

Vesicular breath sounds

Answer 12

high pitched, breezy sounds normally heard over distal airways
inspiratory phase is longer than expiratory phase and no pause

Question 13

Adventitious breath sounds

Answer 13

abnormal sounds heart with inspiration and/or expiration

Question 14

Crackle (formerly rales)

Answer 14

high-pitched popping sound more often with inspiration
Can be associated with restrictive and obstructive disorders
movement of fluid/secretions (wet)
or sudden opening of closed airways (dry)
Occur at latter half of inspiration during atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema or pleural effusion
Crackles with secretions usually low pitched and heard during inspiration and/or expiration
pulmonary edema may produce fine crackles
crackles heard at base of lungs with interstitial lung disease, atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary edema

Question 15

Pleural friction rub

Answer 15

dry, crackling sound during inspiration and expiration
inflamed visceral and parietal pleurae rub together
heard over spot where patient feels pleuritic pain

Question 16

Rhonchi

Answer 16

continuous low-pitched sounds
snoring and gurgling during inspiration and expiration

Question 17

Stridor

Answer 17

high-pitched wheeze heard inspiration or expiration

Question 18

Bronchial breath sounds can be heard in what condition?

Answer 18

pneumonia

Question 19

Decreased or diminished sounds indicate

Answer 19

severe congestion, emphysema or hypoventilation

Question 20

Absent breath sounds indicate

Answer 20

pneumothorax or lung collapse

Question 21

Normal lung, transmission of spoken sounds is usually

Answer 21

muffled

Question 22

Increase in loudness or distinctness in spoken sound over lungs indicate

Answer 22

consolidation
atelectasis or firbrosis

Question 23

Whispered breath and spoken sound are somewhat more valuable than breath sounds when detecting

Answer 23

pulmonary consolidation
infarction
atelectasis

Question 24

Bronchophony

Answer 24

clarity with 99

Question 25

Egophony

Answer 25

spoken long E sounds like nasally A

Question 26

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 26

whispered words 1,2,3 recognized

Question 27

Overweight BMI

Answer 27

25-29.9

Question 28

Obesity class I BMI

Answer 28

30-34.9

Question 29

Obesity class II BMI

Answer 29

35-39.9

Question 30

Extreme obesity Class III BMI

Answer 30

>40

Question 31

Normal capillary refill time

Answer 31

<2 seconds

Question 32

Abnormal capillary refill time

Answer 32

>2 seconds

Question 33

Claudication is a cardinal symptom of Claudication occurs when

Answer 33

peripheral artery disease skeletal muscle oxygen demand during exercise exceeds blood oxygen supply

Question 34

Initial claudication distance score for test Absolute claudication distance score

Answer 34

pain free max distance when test is terminated due to pain

Question 35

Grading scale for claudication pain 1 2 3 4

Answer 35

definite discomfort or pain but only of initial or modest levels moderate discomfort or pain from which the patient's attention can be diverted intense pain from which the patient's attention cannot be diverted excruciating and unbearable pain

Question 36

Pain in butt or hip obstruction of

Answer 36

aorta and iliac arteries

Question 37

Pain in calf obstruction of

Answer 37

femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 38

Pain in ankle and foot obstruction of

Answer 38

tibial and fibular arteries

Question 39

HR in infant Child adult

Answer 39

100-130 80-100 60-100

Question 40

Amplitude of pulse 3+ 2+ 1+ 0

Answer 40

large or bounding normal or average small or reduced absence

Question 41

Obstructive impairment

Answer 41

decreased expiratory flows FEV1/FVC <70% asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

Question 42

Restrictive impairment

Answer 42

reduced lung volumes and relatively normal expiratory flow rates FEV1/FVC is normal or >80% interstitial lung disease, pleural disease, chest wall deformities, obesity, pregnancy, neuromuscular disease, tumor

Question 43

SpO2<___ in acutely ill patients. or <___ in chronic lung disease patients activity should be stopped and discussed with physician

Answer 43

90% 85%

Question 44

Rate pressure product

Answer 44

index of MI oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow RPP=HR SBP

Question 45

RPE of 13-14 represents ____% max HR. 11-13 corresponds to

Answer 45

70 upper limit of prescribed training during early cardiac rehab

Question 46

RPE can be substituted for HR when

Answer 46

ability to monitor HR is compromised pts begin exercise program without exercise test HR response is altered physical activities other than cardiorespiratory endurance activity are assessed clinical status or medical therapies change

Question 47

RR: newborn 1 year 10 years adult

Answer 47

33-45 25-35 15-20 12-20

Question 48

Normal respiratory rhythm COPD respiratory rhythm

Answer 48

inspiration is half as long as expiration longer expiration phase

Question 49

6 min walk test is at least ____ feet.

Answer 49

100

Question 50

Can patients use medications, O2, and an AD during the 6 min walk test?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

How many walks are recommended with at least 15 min rest in between for the 6 min walk test ?

Answer 51

3

Question 52

What do you record as part of the 6 min walk test?

Answer 52

distance walked and number of stops

Question 53

Increased risk of diabetes, dyslipidemia, HTN, CVD associated with circumference of > ____ in in men and > in in women.

Answer 53

40 35

Question 54

Percent of max HR formula for lower target heart rate (THR)=

Answer 54

HRmax x55%

Question 55

Percent of max HR formula for upper target heart rate (THR)=

Answer 55

HRmax x 90%

Question 56

Karvonen formula Lower THR

Answer 56

[(HRmax-HRrest) x 40%] + HRrest

Question 57

Karvonen formula Upper THR

Answer 57

[(HRmax-HRrest) x 85%] +HRrest

Question 58

Normal cardio response to exercise with SBP

Answer 58

linear increase with SBP 8-12 mmHg per MET

Question 59

Normal cardio response to exercise with DBP

Answer 59

no change or moderate decrease in DBP

Question 60

Normal cardio response to exercise with RR and tidal volume

Answer 60

increased

Question 61

ACB technique

Answer 61

forced expiratory technique Three phases: breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and forced expiratory technique.

Question 62

Autogenic drainage

Answer 62

varying expiratory airflow without postural drainage positions or coughing. Theory is to improve airflow in small airways to facilitate movement of mucus May not be suitable for young children and patients not motivated or easily distracted.

Question 63

AD procedure

Answer 63

Controlled breathing at 3 volumes: unsticking phase: breathe in through nose, hold, exhale. collecting phase: breathe normally with periodic holds evacuating phase: deeper inspirations from low volumes with breath holding and huff

Question 64

Huff doesnt produce the same airflow velocity as a cough but the potential for

Answer 64

airway collapse is less

Question 65

Huffing can be reinforced with a quick

Answer 65

adduction of arms to self-compress the chest wall

Question 66

Huff is contraindicated for

Answer 66

those with elevated intracranial pressure or known aneurysm reduced coronary perfusion like a recent MI and more

Question 67

High-frequency airway oscillation devices what is it

Answer 67

acapella and flutter handheld devices that combine positive expiratory pressure and high frequency airway vibrations to mobilize mucus secretions

Question 68

Postural drainage positions are contraindicated for

Answer 68

those with intracranial pressure >20 mmHg pulmonary edema with CHF among others

Question 69

Trendelenburg is contraindicated for

Answer 69

uncontrolled HTN distended abdomen

Question 70

Postural drainage for Apical segments L and R upper lobes

Answer 70

sitting, leaning back 30-40 degrees

Question 71

Postural drainage for Posterior segment R upper lobe

Answer 71

prone on L side with bed horizontal and head and shoulders raised on a pillow

Question 72

Postural drainage for Posterior segment L upper lobe

Answer 72

prone on R side with head of bed elevated to 45 degrees

Question 73

Postural drainage for lingula L upper lobe

Answer 73

supine on R side with foot of bed elevated 12 inches

Question 74

Postural drainage for anterior segments R and L upper lobes

Answer 74

supine in bed horizontal

Question 75

Postural drainage for R middle lobe

Answer 75

supine on L with foot of bed elevated 12 inches

Question 76

Postural drainage for L and R lower lobes

Answer 76

prone with bed horizontal

Question 77

Postural drainage for anterior basal segments L and R lower lobes

Answer 77

supine with foot of bed elevated 18 inches

Question 78

Postural drainage for posterior basal segments L and R lower lobes

Answer 78

prone with foot of bed elevated 18 inches

Question 79

Postural drainage for lateral basal segments lower lobes

Answer 79

sidelying with foot of bed elevated 18 inches

Question 80

white or gray sputum

Answer 80

COPD, asthma

Question 81

yellow or green sputum

Answer 81

lung abscess bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis

Question 82

Brown or black sputum

Answer 82

smoking black lung disease (coal inhalation)

Question 83

Pink or bloody

Answer 83

pulmonary edema lung cancer pulmonary embolism bronchiectasis CF TB

Question 84

Rust

Answer 84

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 85

Fetid odor

Answer 85

bacterial infections lung abscess bronchietasis

Question 86

Thick/tenacious consistency

Answer 86

asthma CF

Question 87

Frothy

Answer 87

pulmonary edema

Question 88

Increased volume

Answer 88

chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis pulmonary edema pneumonia TB smoking exposure to pollution