Public Health

Question 1

What are the 7 duties of a doctor?

Answer 1

1 - care of patient 1st concern
2 - keep knowledge and skills up to date
3 - polite and considerate
4 - respect confidentiality
5 - protect and promote health in patients and public
6 - respect patient dignity and individuality
7 - work within limits of competence

Question 2

what is 1 unit of alcohol in g? and ml?

Answer 2

8g

10ml of pure alcohol

Question 3

how do you calculate % of a drink?

Answer 3

= (%ABV x amount of liquid in ml)/1000

Question 4

what are 4 psychosocial factors that can increased CHD risk?

Answer 4

type A personality
depression
stressful work life
lack of social support

Question 5

what is a risk score chart for CHD?

Answer 5

QRISK2 score

Question 6

what is a criteria chart for CVD risk factors?

Answer 6

Bradford Hill Criteria

Question 7

what are 3 psychosocial effects of excess alcohol consumption?

Answer 7

interpersonal relationship problems - violence, rape, depression
criminality
problems with work/unemployment

Question 8

what are 5 manifestations of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 8

tremors 
activation syndrome - tremors, agitation, tachycardia, high BP
seizure 
hallucinations
delirium tremens

Question 9

what are 3 manifestations of foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 9

growth retardation
CNS abnormalities (mental retardation, inclination, hyperactivity)
craniofocal abnormalities - increased birthmarks and hernias

Question 10

what are 4 PHE promotions of alcoholism?

Answer 10

drinkware
THINK!
know your limits
minimum pricing

Question 11

what can doctors do for alcoholics?

Answer 11

CAGE and AUDIT screening
FRAMES - intervention
referral to specialist
help set goals and agree on plans

Question 12

what are the 4 questions in the CAGE screening for alcoholism?

Answer 12

have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?

have other people ever told you to cut down on your drinking?

have you ever felt bad/guilty about drinking?

have you ever done hair of the dog?

Question 13

what are the 4 signs of alcohol abuse? (4 Rs)

Answer 13

role failure
relationship problems
run ins with the law
risk to bodily harm

Question 14

what are the FRAMES motivational interviewing constituents?

Answer 14

Feedback
Responsibility (self)
advice
Provide alternatives
Empathy
Self-efficacy

Question 15

what is the drug therapy for alcoholism to stop delirium tremmens?

Answer 15

chlordiazepoxide

Question 16

3 reasons why people smoke?

Answer 16

fear of weight gain on cessation
stress
socialisation

Question 17

what are the 3 steps of giving up smoking?

Answer 17

ready - mentally prepare
steady - throw away triggers
stop

Question 18

what therapies are available for stopping smoking?

Answer 18

nicotine replacement therapy

ASK, ADVISE, ASSIST

Question 19

what are the 6 stages of change?

Answer 19

pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse

Question 20

what is ‘good stress’?

Answer 20

eustress

Question 21

what is behavioural stress?

Answer 21

stress that effects behaviour - alcoholism, poor sleep, absenteeism

Question 22

what is cognitive stress?

Answer 22

poor concentration and negative thoughts

Question 23

what is physiological stress?

Answer 23

headaches and stuff

Question 24

what is emotional stress?

Answer 24

mood swings, feeling tearful and irritable

Question 25

what is biochemical stress?

Answer 25

endorphin levels raised

Question 26

what is screened for in the NHS?

Answer 26

breast cancer - 50-70 bowel cancer - 60-74 cervical cancer - 50-64 AAA - 65+

Question 27

what are the 10 Wilson-Jugner criteria for screening?

Answer 27

``` important problem acceptable tratment early recognition suitable test acceptable test to population natural Hx known case findings continuous early treatment prolonged prognosis economical ```

Question 28

what is sensitivity?

Answer 28

measure of how well a test picks up those with a disease

Question 29

what is specificity?

Answer 29

measure of how well a test recognises those without a disease

Question 30

what is prevalence?

Answer 30

measure of how common a disease o condition is in a defined population at a particular point in time

Question 31

what is the chest compression to rescue breath ratio in CPR?

Answer 31

30 to 2

Question 32

what is substance misuse?

Answer 32

ingestion of substance affecting the CNS that leads to behavioural and psychological changes, non-therapeutically

Question 33

what is malnutrition?

Answer 33

Deficiency or excess of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body function

Question 34

what are 3 consequences of malnutrition?

Answer 34

loss of muscle tissue reduce in immune response psychological decline

Question 35

how do you calculate BMI?

Answer 35

Weight (Kg)/Height (m2)

Question 36

treatment for anorexia nervosa?

Answer 36

``` stabilisation of eating initial focus on enhanced motivation behaviour change cognitive restructuring relapse prevention ```

Question 37

treatment for bulimia?

Answer 37

``` education stabilise eating patterns systemic introduction of avoided foods problem solving reduction of body checking ```

Question 38

what are the 5 focal virtues?

Answer 38

``` compassion discernment trusworthiness integrity conscientiousness ```

Question 39

4 pillars of medical ethics?

Answer 39

autonomy non-maleficence beneficence justice

Question 40

what are the 3 characteristics of an autonomous action?

Answer 40

intentional done with understanding done without controlling influences

Question 41

what is the ADL scale?

Answer 41

``` Hygiene dressing toileting locomotion continence Meals ```

Question 42

what is the IADL scale?

Answer 42

``` using phone shopping food prep housekeeping laundry transport responsibility for medication responsibility for finance ```

Question 43

what is the management for C. Difficile? (mneumonic)

Answer 43

SIGHT ``` suspect as cause of diarrhoea isolate case Gloves and apron Hand washing with soap Test stol for toxin ```

Question 44

how do you treat C. Diff?

Answer 44

metronidazole or vancomycin

Question 45

what are 4 at risk groups for diarrhoea?

Answer 45

persons of doubtful hygeine children in nursery people who work in food prep social care work with vulnerable people