Flashcards in Pulmonary Deck (26):
1
Risk factors for DVT
Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (Virchow's triad)
2
Criteria for exudative effusion
Pleural/serum protein >0.5; pleural/serum LDH >0.6
3
Causes of exudative effusion
Think of leaky capillaries. Malignancy, TB, bacterial or viral infection, PE w/ infarct, and pancreatitis.
4
Causes of transudative effusion
Think of intact capillaries. CHF, liver or kidney dz, and protein-losing enteropathy.
5
Normalizing PCO2 in a patient having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?
Fatigue and impending respiratory failure
6
Sarcoidosis
Dyspnea, lateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, increased ACE, and hypercalcemia
7
PFTs of obstructive pulmonary dz
Decreased FEV1/FVC
8
PFTs of restrictive pulmonary dz
Increased FEV1/FVC. Decreased TLC.
9
Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Tx?
Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care; steroids may help
10
Treatment for SVC syndrome
Radiation
11
Treatment for mild persistent asthma
Inhaled B-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
12
Treatment for COPD exacerbation
O2, bronchodilators, abx, corticosteroids w/ taper, smoking cessation.
13
Treatment for Chronic COPD
Smoking cessation, home O2, B-agonits, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, flu, and pneumococcal vaccines
14
Acid-base disorder in PE
Respiratory alkalosis w/ hypoxia and hypocarbia
15
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) a/w hypercalcemia
Squamous cell carcinoma
16
Lung cancer a/w SIADH
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
17
Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure
SCLC
18
A tall Caucasian man presents w/ acute SOB. Dx? Tx?
Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression; supplemental O2 may be helpful.
19
Tx for tension pneumothorax
Immediate needle thoracostomy
20
Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule
Age > 45-50; lesions new or larger in comparison to old films; absence of calcification or irregular calcification; size > 2 cm; irregular margins
21
ARDS
Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema w/ normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
22
Sequelae of asbestos exposure
Pulmonary fibrosis, pleural plaques, bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field), mesothelioma (pleural mass)
23
Increased risk of what infection w/ silicosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
24
Causes of hypoxemia
Right-to-left shunt, hypoventilation, low inspired O2, tension, diffusion deffect, V/Q mismatch
25
Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema
Cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, "bat's-wing" appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing
26