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CRRAB II > Pulmonary Pathology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pathology Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

collapse or loss of lung volume

A

atelectasis

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2
Q

commonest cause of atelectasis in kids:

A

mucus plugging

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3
Q

common cause of atelectasis in kids without apparent physiological pathology:

A

foreign body

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4
Q

Immune cells found in asthma histology:

A

eosinophils

T-cells (Th2’s)

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5
Q

Immune cells in COPD from noxious stimuli (cigarette smoke):

A

CD8+
Macs
Neuts

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6
Q

submucosal glandular hyperplasia

abundant mucus

A

COPD

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7
Q

progressive acinar destruction

permanent airspace enlargement

A

emphysema

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8
Q

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

panacinar Emphysema

most severe in lower lobes

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9
Q

cells that release elastolytic proteinases in emphysema:

A

neutrophils

macrophages

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10
Q

predominant mechanism of airflow obstruction in chronic bronchitis:

A

mucus plugging

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11
Q

polycythemia = ?

A

chronic hypoxemia

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12
Q

Three bugs for bacterial COPD exacerbations:

A

Moraxella

H influenza

S pneumo

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13
Q

permanent dilation of bronchi/bronchioles:

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

classic disease association with bronchiectasis:

A

cystic fibrosis

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15
Q

primary ciliary dyskinesia:

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

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16
Q

alveolar exudative (neutrophilic) infiltration:

A

common bacterial pneumonia

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17
Q

“atypical” (interstitial) pneumonia causes:

A

mycoplasma

chlamydophylia

viruses

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18
Q

necrotizing granulomas

A

fungi

mycobacteria

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19
Q

Bugs where urinary antigen testing has high PPV in PNA dx:

A

S. pneumo

Legionella

histoplasmosis

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20
Q

emerging serum test to differentiate bacterial from viral PNA?

A

procalcitonin

elevated in bacterial infx

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21
Q

Commonest PNA in COPD:

A

H influenzae

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22
Q

Intracellular PNA

A

Chlamydophilia

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23
Q

Water droplets from water reservoir:

A

Legionella

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24
Q

PNA associated with hyponatremia:

A

Legionella

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25
Legionella Gram ?
negative bacilli
26
Silver Charcoal Iron cysteine
Legionella
27
fulminant PNA in young immunocompetent pts early empyema
Group A Strep
28
Mice southwestern USA ARDS
Hanta virus
29
granuloma with calification or necrotizing if not TB, think:
fungal
30
Ohio/Mississippi River valleys bat bird droppings spelunkers
Histoplasmosis
31
hilar adenopathy
Histoplasmosis
32
spores within macrophages
Histoplasmosis
33
Great lakes region pets moist soil
blastomycosis
34
budding yeasts kind of looks like googly eyes
blastomycosis
35
southwest desert "valley fever"
coccidiomycosis
36
diffuse alveolar damage hyaline membranes dyspnea, hypoxia, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates
ARDS
37
most common cause of ARDS
sepsis
38
acute respiratory failure without clear precipitating etiology
acute interstitial pneumonia looks like ARDS
39
non-infectious inflammation of pulmonary interstitium
interstitial parenchymal lung disease
40
interstitial lung disease in females with associated PTX
lymphanioleiomymatosis
41
most lethal interstitial lung disease
ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis
42
honeycomb histology
ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis
43
two major connective tissue diseases associated with interstitial lung disease
RA scleroderma
44
mining/sandblasting
silicosis
45
multiple small fibrotic nodules upper lung fields
silicosis
46
serpentine and amphibole fibers
asbestos
47
mesothelioma
asbestos
48
calcified pleural plaques
asbestos
49
blackening of lungs
anthracosis
50
idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease
sarcoidosis
51
most common demographic for sarcoidosis
african american
52
bilateral hilar adenopathy
sarcoidosis
53
non-caseating granulomas
sarcoidosis
54
CD4/CD8 ratio in sarcoidosis
4:1
55
age for sarcoidosis typically
younger
56
Adult unilateral hilar mass
brochogenic carcinoma
57
cavitating neoplasm
squamous cell carcinoma because it necroses in the middle
58
solitary peripheral nodule in adult
cancer
59
most likely lung cancer in the periphery?
adenocarcinoma
60
cancer with generally favorable prognosis in smokers:
Carcinoid well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor
61
cancer that mimics pneumonia:
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
62
SIADH cause
small cell lung ca
63
Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH production:
small cell lung ca
64
Lambert-Eaton
small cell lung ca
65
Hematologic effects of lung cancer:
anemia leukocytosis (really high) thrombocytosis hypercoagulability
66
Commonest benign tumor:
hamartoma
67
solitary nodule on cxr less worrisome for CA if?
calcified
68
commonest sight of metastatic neoplasms in the body:
lung typically multiple and bilateral can be solitary
69
causes of transudative effusion:
CHF nephrotic syndrome cirrhosis peritoneal dialysis urinothorax
70
causes of exudative effusion:
PNA PE, bleeding, pancreatitis MALIGNANCY
71
New effusion you may not need to tap?
BL small in uncomplicated CHF
72
low pleural fluid glucose pH
parapneumonic
73
recurrent pleural effusion:
cancer
74
Fairly benign pleural tumor:
solitary fibrous tumor
75
Pleural tumor that is really bad:
Malignant mesothelioma

CRRAB II (28 decks)

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