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Medical Vocab > quiz 11 > Flashcards

quiz 11 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

central nervous system (cns)

A

brain, spinal cord, meninges

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system (pns)

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs that emerge from the brainstem and carry impulses between the brain and the neck

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4
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs that emerge from the spinal cord and carry messages between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and extremities

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5
Q

neurons

A

basic structural and functional units of the nervous system

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6
Q

neuroglia

A

perform functions of support and protection, do not transmit electrical impulses

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7
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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8
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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9
Q

gli/o

A

glue, neurological tissue

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10
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

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11
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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12
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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13
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

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14
Q

-phasia

A

speech

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15
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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16
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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17
Q

spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis

A

usually consequence of fracture or dislocation, or both, of the vertebral column

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18
Q

parapelgia

A

loss of motor and sensory functions in the legs and trunk

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19
Q

complete spinal cord injury

A

no feeling or function beneath the injury

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20
Q

incomplete spinal cord injury

A

some feeling and function remain beneath the injury

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21
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk

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22
Q

spina bifida

A

developmental defects of the first trimester of pregnancy, characterized by incomplete closure of the bones encasing the spinal cord

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23
Q

spina bifida occulata

A

-incomplete closure of one or more vertebrae without protrusion of spinal cord or meninges
-most common and least sever spinal cord defect
-spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

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24
Q

meningocele

A

form of spina bifida cystica where the sac contains only meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

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25
meningomyelocele
form of spina bifida cystica where the sac contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord
26
spina bifida cystica
protrusion of the meninges and or the spinal cord
27
stroke
insufficient supply of oxygenated blood tot he brain due to a clot or ruptured blood vessel that causes brain tissue to die
28
ischemic stroke
-blood supply to brain is block or significantly slowed -caused by a thrombus when an occlusion builds up in an artery, usually as a result of atherosclerosis and most commonly in the internal or carotid arteries
29
hemorrhagic stroke
caused by a ruptured cerebral vessel that allows blood to escape into brain tissue
30
intracerebral hemorrhage
-occurs in the deeper tissues of the brain -usually is caused by uncontrolled hypertension
31
subarachnoid hemorrhage
-occurs on the surface of the brain -commonly caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm
32
transient ischemic attack (tia)
mild, strokelike symptoms
33
dys/phasia
speech impariment
34
hemi/paresis
weakness in the leg
35
dys/phagia
difficulty eating and swallowing
36
alzheimer disease
neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles instead of normal orderly arrangements develop in the brain and cause a deficiency of function of neurotransmitters
37
alzheimer's stage 1
increasing forgetfulness
38
alzheimer's stage 2
progressive cognitive deterioration causes difficulty doing simple calculations or answering questions
39
alzheimer's stage 3
progression to complete dependency -ability to recognize others is lost -death occurs from complications of immobility
40
dementia
becoming forgetful and withdrawing from social interactions, loses track of time and forgets to eat meals
41
cognition
the ability to think includes attention, memory, learning, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making
42
craniotomy
incision of the skull to gain access to the brain during neurological procedures
43
epilepsy
disorder affecting the cns that is characterized by recurrent seizures
44
hydrocephalus
cranial enlargement caused by accumulation of fluid within the ventricles of the brain
45
neuritic plaques
accumulations of stick substance made of amyloid protein found in the gray matter of the brain that are frequently characteristic of alzheimer disease
46
sciatica
sever pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot
47
lumbar puncture
-needle puncture of spinal cavity to withdraw a sample of cerebrospinal fluid -used for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological laboratory analysis
48
electroencephalography (eeg)
-recording and analysis of electrical activity of the brain -helpful in studying epilepsy and convulsive disorders and locating lesions in the cerebrum
49
electromyography (emg)
-recording and analysis of electrical activity of selected muscle groups while at rest and during voluntary contraction -determines whether muscle weakness is caused by a muscular disease or nerve damage
50
positron emission tomograph (pet)
-imaging procedure that records metabolic activity -use of a tracer that emits positively charged molecules
51
computed tomography (ct) scan
-use of computer to generate three-dimensional images -effective in diagnosing disorders of the brain and spinal cord
52
cerebr/o/spinal
pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
53
crani/o/tomy
incision of the cranium (skull)
54
neur/o/tripsy
crushing a nerve
55
mening/o/myel/o/cele
hernia(tion) of meninges and spinal cord
56
poli/o/myel/itis
inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord
57
neur/o/blast/oma
tumor of nerve, embryonic cell
58
hydr/o/cephalus
condition of water in the head
59
neur/o/lysis
separation, destruction, or loosening of a nerve
60
thalamotomy
-partial destruction of the thalamus portion of the brain -used as a treatment for psychosis and intractable pain
61
trephination
-excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine -reveals brain tissue for neurosurgery -used to relieve icp
62
trephine
specialized saw that can excise a circular disk of bone
63
anesthetics
-produce partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness -general act on brain to produce complete loss of consciousness -local act on nerves or nerve tracts to affect a local area only
64
anticonvulsants or antiepileptics
prevent or reduce severity of epileptic or other convulsive seizures
65
antiparkinsonian agents
control tremors and muscle rigidity associated with parkinson disease by increasing dopamine levels in the brain
66
antipsychotics
alter neurotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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