Medical Vocab > quiz 8 > Flashcards

quiz 8 Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

kidneys

A

-primary functional organs of the urinary system
-filter urea and other waste products from the blood
-shaped like a kidney bean
-maintain proper balance of water and electrolytes in the body by removing waste products of metabolism from blood through urine formation

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2
Q

kidney structure

A

-shaped like a kidney bean
-outer layer: renal cortex
-inner layer: renal medulla
-renal artery

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3
Q

renal artery

A

branches into smaller and smaller arteries eventually forming units called nephrons

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4
Q

nephrons

A

-microscopic function unit of the kidney
-forms urine in renal corpuscles and tubules by process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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5
Q

renal corpuscle

A

consists of glomerulus and bowman capsule at the site of filtration

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6
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries

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7
Q

bowman capsule

A

absorb waste-containing fluids (filtrate)

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8
Q

renal tubule

A

-where urine formation is completed
-urine flows from here to the renal pelvis

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9
Q

renal pelvis

A

-one per kidney
-receives urine from the renal tubule
-narrows to form a ureter

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10
Q

ureter

A

-12 in. long tube that connect the renal pelvis to the bladder
-urine is pushed from the kidneys into the urinary bladder by contraction of the ureter muscles

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11
Q

bladder

A

-hollow, muscular sac in the pelvic cavity
-serves as a temporary reservoir for urine
-expands as urine collects and contracts when urine is excreted

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12
Q

urethra

A

-tube extending from the bladder to the external opening (urinary meatus)
-serves as a passageway for excretion of urine from the bladder

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13
Q

urinary meatus

A

external opening from the bladder

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14
Q

voiding, micturition

A

processing of excreting urine

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15
Q

four organs of the urinary system

A
  1. kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. bladder
  4. urethra
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16
Q

main function of the kidneys

A

remove toxic products from blood by forming urine

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17
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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18
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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19
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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20
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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21
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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22
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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23
Q

meat/o

A

meatus, opening

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24
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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25
-emia
blood
26
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
27
-lysis
separation, destruction, loosening
28
-pathy
disease
29
-pexy
fixation (of an organ)
30
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
31
-tripsy
crushing
32
cyst/o/scope
instrument to examine the bladder
33
pyel/itis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
34
urethr/o/stenosis
narrowing or stricture of the urethra
35
meat/o/tomy
incision of the meatus
36
lith/o/tripsy
crushing of a calculus or stone
37
glomerul/o/nephr/itis
inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney
38
nephr/o/pexy
fixation of a kidney
39
poly/uria
excessive urination
40
olig/uria
scanty urine
41
ur/o/lith
stone or calculus in urinary tract
42
pyel/o/pathy
disease of the renal pelvis
43
nephr/oma
tumor of the kidney
44
hemat/uria
urine with blood
45
py/uria
urine with pus
46
ESRD
end-stage renal disease -irreversible stage with gradual, progressive deterioration of kidney function -kidneys lose ability to excrete nitrogenous end products of metabolism -usually the result of crf -affects all symptoms
47
crf
chronic renal failure -gradual, progressive deterioration of kidney function tot he point that the kidneys cannot sustain their necessary day-to-day activity
48
anorexia
loss of appetite
49
py/o/nephr/osis
inflammatory condition caused by accumulation of pus in the kidneys
50
renal calculi
concentration of mineral salts in the renal pelvis, in the calices of the kidney, or in the urinary tract
51
lith/o/tomy
removal of kidney stones
52
nephr/algia, nephr/o/dynia
pain in the kidney area
53
dys/uria
painful or difficult urination
54
ultrasound
imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves
55
hydronephrosis
distention of renal pelvis and calices caused by pressure from accumulating urine that may eventually impair and interrupt kidney function
56
an/uria
lack of urination
57
edema
swelling
58
nephr/o/megaly
enlargement of the kidney
59
pyel/o/plasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
60
azoturia
increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
61
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
62
hypospadia
abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
63
polycystic kidney diease
hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts that develop over time, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantaion
64
uremia
increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
65
wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5
66
cyst/o/scopy
examination of urinary bladder -perform, remove tumors or polyps -obtain evidence of pathology
67
bladder ultrasonography
-high-frequency sound waves produce images of the bladder -determines bladder volume -identifies incomplete bladder emptying
68
blood urea nitrogen (bun)
-laboratory test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea -used as an indicator of kidney function
69
urinalysis
-urine screening test -includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
70
voiding cystourethrography
-x-ray of the bladder and urethra -performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
71
cyst/o/urethr/o/graphy
process of recording (radiography) the bladder and urethra
72
pyel/o/graphy
process of recording (radiography) the renal pelvis
73
pyel/o/plasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
74
urethr/o/tomy
incision of the urethra
75
protein/uria
protein in urine
76
catheterization
-insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ -used to instill a substance or remove fluid -most commonly performed through urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
77
hemodialysis
patient's blood is diverted into a dialysis machine for filtering
78
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which a patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane
79
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (eswl)
-powerful sound-wave vibration break up calculi in urinary tract or gallbladder -administration of an oral dissolution drug removes stones and their fragments during urination
80
renal transplantation
diseased kidneys replaced by transplanted kidney
81
antibiotics
-treat bacterial infection of urinary tract -act on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
82
antispasmodics
suppress spasms in ureter, bladder, and urethra by relaxing smooth muscles lining their walls
83
diuretics
promotes and increase excretion of urine

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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