quiz 12 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
three types of muscles
A
-skeletal
-smooth
-cardiac
2
Q
functions of muscles
A
-provide contraction that allows body movement
-provide body posture
-help passage and elimination of food
-help propel blood through arteries and other vessels
-provide contraction of bladder to eliminate urine
3
Q
human skeleton
A
-consists of 206 individual bones
-composed of bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments
4
Q
axial skeleton
A
-forms the long axis of the body
-skull, rib cage, vertebral column
5
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
-attaches limbs to the axial skeleton
-upper and lower limbs and girdles (shoulder and hip bones)
6
Q
bones
A
-provide a skeletal framework to support and protect the body
-point of attachment with muscles
-store calcium and other minerals
7
Q
four types of bones
A
- short
- irregular
- flat
- long
8
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft, or long portion, of the long bone
9
Q
distal and proximal epiphysis
A
two ends of the bone
10
Q
tendons
A
fibrous connective tissue, binds muscle to bone
11
Q
ligaments
A
fibrous connective tissue, binds bone to bones, holds structures together to keep them stable
12
Q
muscul/o, my/o
A
muscle
13
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle (visceral)
14
Q
lumb/o
A
loins (lower back)
15
Q
tendin/o
A
tendon
16
Q
crani/o
A
cranium
17
Q
femor/o
A
femur
18
Q
patell/o
A
patella
19
Q
tibi/o
A
tibia
20
Q
pelv/o, pelv/i
A
pelvis
21
Q
scapul/o
A
scapula
22
Q
vertebr/o
A
vertebra
23
Q
stern/o
A
sternum
24
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
25
cost/o
ribs
26
arthr/o
joint
27
orth/o
straight
28
oste/o
bone
29
thorac/o
chest
30
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vertebrae (backbone)
31
cost/o/chondr/itis
inflammation of ribs and cartilage
32
pelv/i/metry
act of measuring the pelvis
33
my/o/sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue and muscle
34
oste/o/clast
cell that breaks down bone
35
peri/oste/itis
inflammation around bone
36
sub/cost/al
pertaining to under or below the ribs
37
stern/o/cost/al
pertaining to the sternum (breastbone) and ribs
38
calcane/o/dynia
pain in the calcaneum (heel bone)
39
oste/o/porosis
porous bone
40
my/oma
tumor (composed) of muscle
41
arthr/o/desis
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
42
my/o/rrhexis
rupture of muscle
43
ankyl/osis
abnormal condition of being stiff, bent, or crooked
44
my/asthenia
weakness or debility of muscle
45
chondr/o/malacia
softening of cartilage
46
arthr/o/scopy
visual examination of a joint
47
leio/my/oma
tumor (composed of) smooth muscle
48
inter/vertebr/al
pertaining to (the area) between (two) vertebrae
49
fractures
-injury or break of a bone
-pain, swelling, bruising, and deformity at site of fracture
-loss of movement, function, muscle spasm, hemorrhage, and shock
50
closed (simple) fracture
break with no external skin wound
51
open (compound) fracture
break with external wound
-leads to fracture site with piece of bone protruding through skin
52
complicated fracture
broken bone injures internal organ, such as the lung
53
comminuted fracture
bone broken or splintered into pieces
54
impacted fracture
end of broken bone wedged into interior of another bone
55
incomplete fracture
fracture does not include whole bone
56
greenstick fracture
break in which bone is partially bent and split
-occurs most commonly in children, especially children with rickets or adults with soft bones
57
colles fracture
-break in lower end of radius
-commonly occurs when wrist is extended to break a fall
58
internal fixation
inserting pins and screws to immobilize and aligns bones
59
closed reduction
realign bones and immobilization with a cast
60
herniated disk or prolapsed disk
herniation of the nucleus pulposus (center of gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae
61
paresthesia
numbness and burning feeling
62
laminectomy
surgical removal of the vertebral posterior arch
63
traction
used of weights and pulleys to immobilize the site and facilitate healing
64
rheumatoid arthritis (ra)
autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks its own cartilage and connective tissues
65
nsaid
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
66
talipes equinovarus or clubfoot
-congenital deformity
-heel of the foot is unable to rest on the ground
67
osteomyelitis
infected bone and bone marrow
68
necrosis
tissue death
69
gout
-metabolic disease
-one or more severely inflamed joints resulting from deposits and buildup of uric acid crystals
70
hyperuricemia
excess uric acid in blood
71
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
72
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
73
dystrophy
progressive degeneration of a body tissue such as muscle, caused by inadequate nourishment of the affected area
74
kyphosis aka hunchback
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column leading to a humpback posture
75
subluxation
partial or complete dislocation
76
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck
77
arthroscopy
visual examination of interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision
78
myelography
radiography of spinal cord after injection contrasts medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
79
rheumatoid factor
blood test to detect presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
80
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint
81
cervicofacial
pertaining to the neck and face
82
osteoarthropathy
disease of bones and joints
83
myorrhaphy
suture of muscle
84
myeloma
tumor of bone marrow
85
myelosarcoma
sarcoma of bone marrow
86
total hip arthroplasty
-replacement of hip joint
-damaged by degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
-replacement of femoral head and acetabulum with a prosthesis fastened into the bone as illustrated
87
amputation
partial or complete removal of an extremity secondary to trauma or circulatory disease
88
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
89
myoplasty
surgical repair of the muscle
90
bone reabsorption inhibitors
-reduce reabsorption of bone
-used to treat weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and paget disease
91
gold salts
inhibit activity within immune system by preventing further disease progression
