Quiz 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is seen as the most extrinsically motivated behavior?
external regulation
What is NOT part of the attribution theory?
Cognition
Potential negative side effects of punishment include
a) arousing a fear of success
b) acting as a reinforcer
c) hindering the learning of skills
b and c
Attribution theory focuses on:
how individuals explain their success and failure
Mindfulness is most closely related to the flow factor of
present focus
In a general sense, motivation can be defined as
the intensity and direction of one’s effort
Which phase of motivation and competitiveness develop before the age of 4 where the focus is on mastering your environment and self-testing?
autonomous competence stage
An individual will have a higher level of intrinsic motivation when
the informational aspect is more salient than the controlling aspect
Hanin’s individualized zones of optimal functioning model suggests that
each individual has a specific optimal level of efficiency
Advances in technology have started to use exergames to increase physical activity. Exergames are
video games that require participants to physically interact with the game
The results of the Sorrentino and Sheppard study have which of these practical implications?
a) The four fastest swimmers would not necessarily make the best relay team.
b) Both situational and personal factors should be considered in understanding motivation.
c) Rejection-oriented swimmers would perform best in relays.
a and b
According to catastrophe theory, to recover from a catastrophe the athlete must
a) completely relax physically
b) control her worries through progressive relaxation
c) reactivate herself in a controlled manner
a and c
In terms of emotional factors, high achievers focus on _____________, whereas low achievers focus on______________.
Pride; shame
Athletes lower in self-esteem are more likely to experience
low confidence and high state anxiety
One’s general level of anxiety that stays relatively stable over time refers to
trait anxiety
Increased arousal affects attentional focus in what way?
narrowing of focus
Rewards typically undermine intrinsic motivation when the reward is
a) for mere participation
b) tied to the quality of one’s performance
c) informational in nature
A
Shaping occurs when
rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
The inverted-U hypothesis predicts that
a) as arousal increases, performance decreases
b) arousal can be either too low or too high
c) top performance occurs at a moderate level of arousal
c
The linear relationship between arousal and performance suggests that
as arousal increases, performance increases
The frequency of both cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms
a) decreases as competition draws nearer
b) increases as competition draws nearer
c) is unrelated to time of competition
d) increases throughout competition
b
Research indicates interesting cross-cultural differences in motives for participation. Which of these is FALSE?
1) U.S. youngsters are more intrinsically motivated than Korean youngsters.
2) Participants in Asian countries are more interdependent, whereas North Americans are more independent.
3) American youngsters are more motivated by competition, while Chinese youngsters are more motivated by social affiliation.
4) Chinese Americans are primarily motivated by travel and having fun.
5) U.S. children are primarily motivated to win, whereas German children are primarily motivated to please parents.
5
Which of these is a psychological need included in self-determination theory?
a) relatedness
b) autonomy
c) coping
a and b
“I don’t want to run slower than my personal best time” is an example of:
a mastery-avoidance goal
