Quiz #3: Personality Disorders Flashcards
(37 cards)
Personality
- Set of deeply ingrained enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
- Shaped by biology “temperament” and social learning
Personality Disorders
A set of patterns or traits that hinder a person’s ability to maintain meaningful relationships, feel fulfilled and enjoy life
Characteristics of Personality Disorders
- Onset adolescent and early adulthood
- Pervasive and inflexible; continuous
- Leads to distress and impairment
- They are unable to adjust and adapt to the demand or expectations of others or situations
Personality Disorders: Essential element of diagnosis is that it is
Fixed and long-lasting
Personality Disorders: Even with treatment,
It is not possible to completely change someone’s personality but can improve symptoms, distress, general functioning
Key Features of Personality Disorders
- Individual has few strategies for relating
- Inflexible, maladaptive approach to relationships and environment
- Needs, perceptions, and behavior foster vicious cycles; promote unhelpful patterns, provoke negative reactions from others
- Unstable, fragile coping skills
- Lack of resilience in stressful situations
Personality Clusters: Cluster A
personality disorders of odd or eccentric nature (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal personality disorders)
Personality Disorder Clusters: Cluster B
disorders of erratic, dramatic, or emotional nature (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic personality disorders)
Personality Disorder Clusters: Cluster C
disorders of anxious or fearful nature (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorders)
Use table 24-2 (page 464-465) as a study aid!
:)
Common Maladaptive Responses of Cluster B Personality Disorders
- Manipulation
- Narcissism
- Impulsivity
Manipulation
- Behavior in which people treat others as objects and form relationships around control issues
- Manipulators are goal- or self-oriented, not other-oriented
Narcissism
Involves egocentric attitude, fragile self-esteem, constant seeking of praise and admiration, and envy
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Diagnosis is applied when individual consistently ignores social rules
- Is manipulative, exploitative, or dishonest
- Lacks remorse for actions
- Involved in criminal activity
Features of Antisocial Personality Disorder
A. There is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years.
B. The individual is at least age 18 years.
C. There is evidence ofconduct disorder with onset before age 15 years.
D. The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia or aManic episode
Features of Antisocial Personality Disorder: There is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
(1) failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest (2) deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure (3) impulsivity or failure to plan ahead (4)irritabilityand aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults (5) reckless disregard for safety of self or others (6) consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations (7) lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
Borderline Personality Disorder Prevalence
- Diagnosed in 1 – 6% of general population
- Most prevalent personality disorder (8 – 20%) in mental health settings
- Diagnosed more often in women than men (Sociocultural expectations and role stereotypes may contribute to diagnosis in women and evidence to suggest that victimization / trauma as a child is linked to BPD)
Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics
- Impulsive aggression is the hallmark of borderline personality disorder, and it plays a pivotal role in the borderline person’s self-mutilation, unstable relationships, violence, and completed suicides
- Behaviors not consciously planned – defense against fear of loneliness
- Pathological fear of separation and intensive sensitivity to perceived personal rejection
- Ineffective and harmful self-soothing habits – cutting, promiscuous sexual behavior, and numbing with substances (May result in unintentional death)
What is an unusual feature of borderline personality disorder?
- Splitting which is an inability to view both positive and negative aspects of others.
- View someone as either a wonderful person or as a horrible person
Borderline Personality Disorder is manifested by
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.
Features of Borderline Personality Disorder: Indicated by five or more of the following
- Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in (5).
- A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. This is called “splitting.”
- Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
- Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in (5).
- Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
- Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).
- Chronic feelings of emptiness.
- Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
- Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Involves egocentric attitude, fragile self-esteem, constant seeking of praise and admiration, envy
- Many successful people are narcissistic
Problems associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- When person does not gain status he/she thinks is deserved or tries to have interpersonal relationships
- Frustration caused by lack or loss of recognition may be expressed by anger, depression, substance abuse, or other manipulative behaviors
Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements)
- Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions)
- Requires excessive admiration
- Has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations
- Is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends
- Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others
- Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her
- Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes
