Quiz 4

Question 1

produced when a person has and recovers from a disease

Answer 1

naturally acquired active immunity

Question 2

when a person is vaccinated, they have this

Answer 2

artificially acquired active immunity

Question 3

when antibodies are passed from mother to offspring via the placenta or breast milk

Answer 3

naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 4

when antibodies are given to a person, for example, antibiotics

Answer 4

artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 5

what are the 4 types of T cell progeny?

Answer 5

helper, regulatory, cytotoxic, memory

Question 6

3 functions of helper T cells

Answer 6

they activate macrophages, B cells, and cytotoxic T cells

Question 7

cytotoxic T cells lead to the destruction of

Answer 7

virus infected cells and cancer cells

Question 8

cytotoxic T cells has which co-receptor and binds to which complex?

Answer 8

CD8 and binds to MHC I

Question 9

helper T cells has which co-receptor and binds to which complex?

Answer 9

CD4 and binds to MHC II

Question 10

2 types of progeny of B cells

Answer 10

plasma cells and memory cells

Question 11

what cells release antibodies into the tissues and blood?

Answer 11

plasma cells

Question 12

What cells are responsible for activating T helper cells?

Answer 12

APC

Question 13

What cells are responsible for activating T cytotoxic cells?

Answer 13

T helper cells

Question 14

what are the antigen presenting cells?

Answer 14

B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 15

these cells internalize and process antigens, presenting MHC II receptors that activate T helper cells

Answer 15

APC

Question 16

Which cells express MHC I?

Answer 16

all nucleated cells have this complex. When infected with a virus, a cell will process it and send it to the MHC I.

Question 17

what happens during the first encounter with an allergen (antigen)?

Answer 17

body becomes sensitized (forms antibodies); no visible signs are noticed

Question 18

what happens during the second encounter with an allergen (antigen)?

Answer 18

the antibodies on mast cells and basophils cause an allergic reaction, histamine is released

Question 19

what is the role of histamine in an allergic response?

Answer 19

permeability and vasodilation of blood capillaries and bronchial constriction (labored breathing)

Question 20

Blood type A can receive blood from

Answer 20

O and A

Question 21

Blood type B can receive blood from

Answer 21

O and B

Question 22

Blood type AB can receive blood from

Answer 22

universal recipient

Question 23

Blood type O can receive blood from

Answer 23

O

Question 24

autoimmune type II disorder in which antibodies attach to the thyroid gland resulting in increased amounts of thyroid hormones. Symptoms include: goiter, bulging and staring eyes

Answer 24

Graves Disease

Question 25

autoimmune type II disorder in which muscle tone becomes progressively weaker and is caused by antibodies covering the acetylcholine receptors at the neurotransmitter site

Answer 25

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 26

Autoimmune type II reactions are caused by

Answer 26

antibodies blocking the body processes

Question 27

Autoimmune type III reactions are caused by

Answer 27

immune complexes are left circulating in the blood plasma and get deposited to cause inflammation

Question 28

Autoimmune type III disorder that causes deposits in the joints leading to severe damage of the cartilage and bone at the joint

Answer 28

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

autoimmune type III disorder affecting mainly women causes deposits in kidneys and digestive system and production of antibodies against self cells.

Answer 29

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 30

What causes primary immunodeficiencies?

Answer 30

they are present at birth

Question 31

What causes secondary immunodeficiencies?

Answer 31

infectious agents, malignancies, or immunosuppressants

Question 32

primary immunodeficiency where there is an absence or immaturity of the thymus gland resulting in sever T cell deficiency

Answer 32

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 33

primary immunodeficiency where there is a disfunction in both B and T lymphocyte systems

Answer 33

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDS)

Question 34

Secondary immunodeficiency that targets and damages T helper cells which have CD4 molecules on their surface

Answer 34

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 35

Type 1 or Atopic allergic reactions can include depending on the route of entry:

Answer 35

``` Upper Respiratory (itchy eyes, sneezing, nasal congestion) Lower Respiratory (asthma like symptoms) GI tract (food allergies, upset stomach, cramping) ```

Question 36

Sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal within minutes

Answer 36

system anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

Question 37

anaphylactic shock is more dramatic because

Answer 37

it often involves an antigen that causes a release of mediators in the blood which act on target organs

Question 38

anaphylactic shock can be countered with

Answer 38

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 39

bee stings, jellyfish stings, seafood, antibiotics are example of

Answer 39

agents that can cause systemic reactions

Question 40

pathogenesis of the HIV virus

Answer 40

targets and damages CD4 T helper cells which will no longer be able to activate Macrophages, B cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Macrophages consume virus and are destroyed also.

Question 41

what causes chicken pox and shingles?

Answer 41

Varicella-zoster Virus

Question 42

Describe chicken pox

Answer 42

small irregular, rose colored skin lesions appear in the scalp and trunk and spread to the face and limbs

Question 43

where does shingles appear?

Answer 43

along nerve paths on the skin, across abdominal areas

Question 44

in what age group does shingles occur?

Answer 44

45 and up

Question 45

in what age group does chicken pox occur?

Answer 45

primarily in children

Question 46

how does shingles develop?

Answer 46

after chicken pox, VZV becomes latent in the central nerve ganglion. Activated when immunity drops, moving down the nerves

Question 47

how is the Varicella-zoster Virus spread?

Answer 47

direct contact and respiratory secretions

Question 48

infection of the conjunctiva, highly contagious

Answer 48

conjunctivitis

Question 49

serious eye infection can be caused by many microorganisms but is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus

Answer 49

keratitis

Question 50

Serious, highly contagious, rash disease caused by the Rubeola virus characterized by a red, raised, rash

Answer 50

Measles

Question 51

milder rash disease characterized by a pink, flat, rash that may go undetected

Answer 51

Rubella

Question 52

result from papilloma virus that stimulates skin cells to undergo mitosis abnormally fast which results in benign growth

Answer 52

warts

Question 53

treatment for warts

Answer 53

acids, cryotherapy, electrodesication

Question 54

what causes scalded skin syndrome and what is it?

Answer 54

Staphylococcus aureus; skin peels of in leaf like sheets

Question 55

what causes Pseudomonas dermatitis and what is it?

Answer 55

Pseudomonas species; rash that occurs for about 2 weeks

Question 56

what causes impetigo and what is it?

Answer 56

Streptococcus pyogenes; isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

Question 57

what causes otitis externa and what is it?

Answer 57

Pseudomonas species; infection of the external auditory meatus