Quiz 5 Flashcards by George Smith

What are the 3 structural defenses of the nervous system?

protection of the skull and spinal column, cushion of the CSF, restricted permeability of the blood brain barrier

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What are the 2 cellular defenses of the nervous system?

phagocytes called microglial cells and macrophages

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What are the normal biota of the nervous system?

there are none

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Causative agent of meningitis

Neisseria meningitides

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Causative agent of polio

Poliovirus

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Causative agent of CJD

prions

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Causative agent of rabies

Rabies Virus

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Causative agent of Tetanus

Clostridium tetani

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Causative agent of botulism

Clostridium botulinum

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Tetanus and botulism are both

endospore forming anaerobes

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C. tetani produces a powerful neurotoxin called

tetanospasmin

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Symptoms of tetanus

clenching of the jaw, extreme arching of the back, flexion of the arms and extension of the legs

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C. botulinum releases a neurotoxin called botulinum that results

in paralysis and loss of ability to contract muscles

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Characteristics of Neisseria meningitides

gram negative diplococci

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2 virulence factors of Neisseria meningitides

IgA protease that breaks down antibodies and a capsule to protect it from phagocytosis

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How does N. meningitides damage blood vessels and what is it called?

Petechiae, it releases an endotoxin that stimulates certain WBC’s that release cytokines that damage the blood vessels

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causative agent of malaria

Plasmodium genus

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causative agent of AIDS

HIV virus

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causative agent of endocarditis

Staphylococcus aureus

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causative agent of plague

Yersinia pestis

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causative agent of lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

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causative agent of anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

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causative agent of infectious mononucleosis

Epstein Barr Virus

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causative agent of subacute endocarditis

Study These Flashcards

alpha-hemolytic streptococci

Vector for the plague

fleas

Different forms of plague

bubonic plague and septicemic plague

describe the bubonic plague

bacterium enters the lymph and nodes. This causes an inflamed, necrotic lymph node called a bubo.

describe the septicemic plague

bacteria present in the blood results in subcutaneous hemorrhaging called purpura (black lesions)

viremia

presence of virus in the blood

fungemia

presence of fungi in the blood

bacteremia

presence of bacteria in the blood

septicemia

bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream

3 criteria to be diagnosed with AIDS

helper T cell count below 200 per microliter of blood helper T cells account for fewer than 14% of all lymphocytes have one or more of the AIDS defining illnesses

vector of Lyme disease

tick

symptoms of lyme disease

bulls eye rash

prevention of lyme disease

protective clothing, antibiotics

transmission of infectious mononucleosis

direct and indirect contact with saliva

symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

extreme fatigue

difference between antigenic shift and drift

a drift are small mutations that result in changes in spikes; seasonal flu outbreaks a shift is a swapping of RNA genome strands, leads to epidemics and pandemics

causative agent of flu

influenza virus (A,B,C)

causative agent of cold

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus

causative agent of tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

causative agent of pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumonia

causative agent of whooping cough (Pertussis)

Bordetella pertussis

causative agent of pharyngitis

Streptococcus pyogenes

Stage of pertussis that begins after an incubation period. Bacteria appear in respiratory tract and cause cold like symptoms esp. runny nose

Catarrhal stage

Stage of pertussis that involves severe and uncontrollable coughing

Paroxysmal stage

Stage of pertussis when the bacteria is decreasing and there are no longer ongoing symptoms

Convalescent phase

Type of tuberculosis: Bacteria inside the alveoli, formation of tubercles, neutrophils break them down into caseous lesions

Primary tuberculosis

Type of tuberculosis: violent coughing, blood sputum, chest pain caused by reactivated bacteria, 60% mortality rate

secondary (reactivation) tuberculosis

Type of tuberculosis: infection outside the lungs (common in immunosuppressed patients and young children) 30-50% mortality rate

extrapulmonary tuberculosis

2 spikes that make up the influenza virus

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

binds to host cell receptors of the respiratory mucosa

hemagglutinin

2 things neuraminidase does

breaks down mucous coating and assists in viral budding and release

tubercles:

consist of a central core containing TB bacteria in macrophages; function to prevent the spread of disease

caseous lesions:

tubercles that have been broken down by enzymes released by neutrophils and are gradually replaced by calcium deposits

prevention of pneumonia (3)

elevation of head to a 45 degree angle deep breathing and coughing sterilization of ventilation equipment

pneumonia:

condition in which fluid fills the alveoli in the lungs

2 types of pneumonia

community acquired - experienced by general pop | healthcare-associated - acquired by patients in healthcare facilities and hospitals

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(59 cards)