Quiz 4 Bones of forearm (Exam 2)

Question 1

Articulates proximally w/ humerus @ the elbow & with the ulna @ the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 1

Radius

Question 2

Articulates distally w/ the ulna @ the disal radioulnar joint & with the scaphoid & lunate to form the wrist joint

Answer 2

Radius

Question 3

Pivot bone, which moves during pronation & supination

Answer 3

Radius

Question 4

Proximal end articulates w/ the humerus @ the elbow joint & the radius @ the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 4

Ulna

Question 5

Distally the bone articulates w/ the radius to form the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 5

Ulna

Question 6

_______ ______ of the wrist found b/t the distal end of the ulna & carpal bones

Answer 6

Articular disc of the wrist

Question 7

Ossification of the radius & ulna completes around the same time? True or false

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/ false fractures of the radius & ulna are usually due to severe & direct trauma & produces a transverse fracture of the shaft of both bones

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Fracture @ the distal end of the Radius ONLY & is one of the most common fractures in adults

Answer 9

Colles fractures

Question 10

Type of fracture that occurs when an individual fall on an outstretched hand w/ the forearm pronated

Answer 10

Colles fractures

Question 11

Distal fragment is displaced POSTERIORLY, producing a shortening of the radius

Answer 11

Colles fracture

Question 12

AKA “dinner fork deformity”

Answer 12

Colles fracture

Question 13

Due to a fall on the back of the hand & is basically a reverse Colles fracture, with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly

Answer 13

Smith’s fractures

Question 14

Ossification of the carpal bones

Answer 14

capitate & hamate 
triquetral 
lunate
trapezium, trapezoid, scaphoid
pisiform

Question 15

1. protect & stabilize the tendons

2. Change the angle of the tendons as they pass to their insertion

Answer 15

Functions of the sesamoid bones

Question 16

Most commonly fractures carpal bone

Answer 16

scaphoid

Question 17

Fractures of the Hamate

Answer 17

ulnar nerve is close to the hook of the hamate & may be injured with this fracture

Question 18

1. Pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 18

Anterior superficial forearm muscles

Question 19

Anterior superficial forearm muscles have a common tendon of ORIGIN:

Answer 19

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 20

Compression of median nerve in the proximal forearm.

Answer 20

Pronator teres syndrome

Question 21

Anterior Intermediate forearm

Answer 21

Flexor digitorum superficials

Question 22

1. Flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus

Answer 22

Deep anterior forearm muscles

Question 23

• Loss or weakened pronation
• abnormal & weak flexion @ the wrist joint (ulnar deviation)
• Weakened abduction of the hand
• atrophy of the thenar muscles w/ loss of opposition & loss or weakness of other movements of the 1st digit. The term “ape hand”
• Sensory loss over the lateral 2/3 of the palmar surface of the hand

Answer 23

Median Nerve damage

Question 24

If you suspect median nerve damage what test can you perform?

Answer 24

• motor test

- sensory test

Question 25

Have pt. make a circle w/ their thumb & index finger, the examiner attempts to pull the 1st digit away from 2nd by applying force to the proximal phalanx of digit one

Answer 25

Motor test

Question 26

Assess cutaneous sensation at the tip of the 2nd digit . This is the part of the median nerve's cutaneous distribution which is the least susceptible to variation

Answer 26

Sensory test of the median nerve

Question 27

Most common area of compression or injury of the _____ ____ is at or just distal to the elbow joint. Injury here may cause atrophy of the flexor carpi ulnaris & half of the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 27

Ulnar nerve damage

Question 28

- Impaired or weakened adduction of the hand - weakened or abnormal flexion of the hand (radial deviation - Muscles fo the hand associated w/ the 5th digit will undergo atrophy - Difficulty in making a fist

Answer 28

Injury to the ulnar nerve damage

Question 29

Compromise or damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist, where is passes b/t the pisiform & the hook of the hamate. Individual will show loss of sensation in the medial one & half digits & may show atrophy of the hyprothenar muscles

Answer 29

Guyon Tunnel or canal syndrome

Question 30

1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor Carpi Radialis longus 3. Extensor Carpi Radilais brevis 4. Extensor Digitorum 5. Extensor Digiti Minimi 6. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 30

Superficial Posterior forearm muscles

Question 31

painful condition of the elbow which involves repetitive use of the superficial posterior forearm muscles

Answer 31

Lateral Epicondylitis / Tennis Elbow

Question 32

Pt. will point @ the lateral epicondyle of the humerus & may indicate that the pain runs down the lateral aspect of their forearm

Answer 32

Lateral Epicondylitis / Tennis Elbow

Question 33

Having the pt. make a fist & hyperextend their hand and applying pressure to the pts. hand attempting to force pts. hand into flexion and the pt. experiences sudden severe pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle

Answer 33

Lateral Epicondylitis / Tennis Elbow | Subluxation of C5 may also cause pain in this region also

Question 34

- Condition in which there is a sudden, severe tension on one of the long extensor tendons, where it may avulse at its attachment. - Deformity results from the distal IP joint being forced into extreme flexion, - Result is that the individual is not able to extend the DIP joint of the involved digit

Answer 34

Mallet finger

Question 35

1. Supinator 2. Abductor pollicis longus 3. Extensor pollicis brevis 4. Extensor pollicis longus 5. Extensor indicis

Answer 35

Deep posterior forearm muscles

Question 36

Tendons of extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis & abductor pollicis longus

Answer 36

Tendons that make up the Anatomical Snuffbox

Question 37

Floor of the snuffbox is formed by the:

Answer 37

styloid process of the radius, scaphoid and trapezium bones

Question 38

Condition in which there is inflammation of the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus & the extensor pollicis brevis w/in their common fibrous sheath

Answer 38

DeQuervain's Disease or Tenosynovitis Stenosans

Question 39

Pts. complain of pain at the lateral aspect of their wrist & may notice pain radiation proximally & distally from that point

Answer 39

DeQuervain's Disease or Tenosynovitis Stenosans

Question 40

Most common cause of injury is a fracture at the shaft of the humerus

Answer 40

Damage to the Radial Nerve

Question 41

Arteries of the forearm

Answer 41

Radial Artery | Ulnar artery

Question 42

Radial artery

Answer 42

More lateral branch of the brachial artery

Question 43

Radial artery branches:

Answer 43

1. Recurrent- Runs proximally to the brachial profundus & takes part in the collateral circulation around the lateral aspect of the elbow 2. Superficial & deep palmar - which join w/ similar branches from the ulnar artery to form the superficial & deep palmar arches of the hand

Question 44

Ulnar Artery

Answer 44

Medial branch of the brachial artery, deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. and is accompanied by the ulnar nerve

Question 45

Ulnar artery branches:

Answer 45

1. Anterior & posterior recurrent - which join the ulnar collaterals of the brachial & form the collateral circulation on the medial aspect of the elbow 2. Common interosseous- arises from the proximal part of the vessel. The common interosseous will divide into an anterior & posterior interosseous artery 3. Superficial & deep Palmar which help form the superficial & deep palmar arches

Question 46

Distal or inferior Radioulnar joint Articulation:

Answer 46

Head of the ulna & ulnar notch of the radius

Question 47

Distal or inferior Radioulnar joint classification:

Answer 47

Pivot or trochoid

Question 48

Distal or inferior Radioulnar joint capsular ligament:

Answer 48

Encloses the joint but rather weak & may be deficient superiorly

Question 49

``` Distal or inferior Radioulnar joint Ligaments: Anterior and posterior transverse ligaments & Articular disc (ligament) ```

Answer 49

- Anterior & posterior transverse ligaments serve to unite the distal end of the radius & ulna, strengthen the capsular ligament & prevent supination. - Extrinsic & act like a rope

Question 50

Articular disc (ligament)

Answer 50

- Small piece of fibrocartilage which attaches to the ulnar notch & the styloid process of the ulna. Helps to firmly unite the distal end of the 2 bones & is considered the chief uniting structure of the joint

Question 51

Nerve supply of the anterior/ posterior transverse ligaments and the articular disc (ligament)

Answer 51

Radial

Question 52

________ ______ unites the hand to the forearm

Answer 52

Radiocarpal joint

Question 53

Articulation of radiocarpal joint:

Answer 53

Distal end of the radius & the articular disc with the scaphoid, lunate & triquetral

Question 54

classification of radiocarpal joint

Answer 54

Condyloid

Question 55

Capsular ligament of radiocarpal joint

Answer 55

rather thin & unremarkable

Question 56

Ligaments of radiocarpal joint:

Answer 56

Dorsal & palmar radiocarpals Palmar ulnocarpal Ulnar & radial collaterals

Question 57

Dorsal & palmar radiocarpals:

Answer 57

- Attaches superiorly to the radius & inferiorly to the scaphoid & lunate carpal bones, - Extrinsic & acts like ropes

Question 58

Palmar ulnocarpal

Answer 58

- attaches the ulna to the scaphoid and lunate | - Extrinsic & acts like a rope

Question 59

Ulnar & radial collateral

Answer 59

- Attach from the styloid process of the ulna & radius to the carpal bones on their respective sides. - Extrinsic & act like ropes

Question 60

Nerve supply of radiocarpal joint:

Answer 60

Median, Radial, & ulnar