Quiz #6- chapters 9 and 10 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

Question

different types of White Blood Cells (WBCs) 🛡️

Answer 1

Neutrophils 💥 Eosinophils 🦠 Basophils 🚨 Monocytes 🧹 Lymphocytes 🛡️ Quick Memorization Tip: "Never Eat Bad Monkey Lunch"

Answer 2

- First responders to bacterial invasion - Eat/destroy bacteria through phagocytosis - Most abundant WBC type

Answer 3

- Combat inflammation - Fight parasitic worms - Involved in allergic reactions

Answer 4

- Trigger inflammatory responses - Release histamine - Involved in allergic reactions

Answer 5

-Transform into macrophages - Clean up damaged tissue - Eat large foreign particles

Answer 6

B cells: Produce antibodies T cells: Attack viruses and cancer cells Natural killer cells: Target infectious microbes

Answer 7

Lifespan: Approximately 120 days Retirement Process: - Aged RBCs are removed by macrophages -Located in liver, spleen, and bone marrow -Hemoglobin is recycled - Iron is stored or reused for new RBC production - Breakdown products are processed into bile

Answer 8

Lifespan Varies: Neutrophils: 5-7 hours in bloodstream Eosinophils: 8-12 days Basophils: Short-lived (hours to days) Monocytes: 1-3 days Lymphocytes: Short-lived cells: Hours to days Memory cells: Years to lifetime

Answer 9

Die after fighting infections Phagocytosed by other immune cells Replaced continuously by bone marrow

Answer 10

3 Main Mechanisms: Vascular Spasm 🚧 Platelet Plug Formation 🧱 Blood Coagulation (Chemical Clotting) 🧪

Answer 11

(The Volume Manager) 🏄‍♀️ Makes up 54% of plasma proteins Job: Keeps blood volume just right Helps pull water back into blood vessels Maintains blood pressure like a tiny water manager

Answer 12

(The Delivery and Defense Team) 🚚🛡️ Two main types: Alpha/Beta Globulins: Carry lipids and vitamins around the body Gamma Globulins: Antibodies that fight off bad guys (germs)!

Answer 13

Clotting Factors (The Bandage Makers) 🩹 Includes: Prothrombin Fibrinogen Job: Help stop bleeding by creating blood clots Like tiny construction workers who quickly patch up cuts

Answer 14

Definition: Abnormal blood clot forming INSIDE a blood vessel Where it can happen: - Veins (more common) - Arteries - Deep in legs - Lungs - Brain

Answer 15

Potential Consequences 💥 If clot stays in place: - Blocks blood flow - Reduces oxygen to tissues - Can cause tissue damage If clot breaks loose (Embolus): - Travels through bloodstream - Can get stuck in: - Lungs (Pulmonary embolism) - Brain (Stroke) - Heart (Heart attack)

Answer 16

Prolonged immobility Surgery Some medical conditions Genetic predispositions

Answer 17

Swelling Redness Pain in affected area Sudden breathing difficulties

Answer 18

- Based on antigens on red blood cell surface - Inherited from parents - Four main types: Type A: A antigens Type B: B antigens Type AB: Both A and B antigens Type O: No A or B antigens

Answer 19

Aorta Common Iliac Arteries External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery Popliteal Artery Anterior/Posterior Tibial Arteries Dorsal/Plantar Arteries Toe Arteries "A Cold Evening Feels Pretty Awful Down There" Pro Tip: Always remember blood flows from LARGER to SMALLER vessels!

Answer 20

Aorta Brachiocephalic Trunk Subclavian Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Radial Artery Deep Palmar Arch Finger Arteries "A Big Strong Arm Brings Really Deep Feelings" Pro Tip: Always remember blood flows from LARGER to SMALLER vessels!

Answer 21

Dorsal Venous Networks (hand) Median Antebrachial Veins Cephalic Vein Basilic Vein Brachial Veins Axillary Vein Subclavian Vein Brachiocephalic Vein Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium "Dirty Minds Can Be Bad After Some Booze Shots, Right?"

Answer 22

Carotid Arteries Right Common Carotid Left Common Carotid Branches into: External Carotid Internal Carotid

Answer 23

Coronary Arteries - Right Coronary Artery - Left Coronary Artery First branches of ascending aorta

Answer 24

Thoracic Aorta Branches: Bronchial Arteries Esophageal Arteries Posterior Intercostal Arteries Superior Phrenic Arteries BEPS

Answer 25

Abdominal Aorta Branches: Celiac Trunk Superior Mesenteric Artery Renal Arteries Gonadal Arteries Inferior Phrenic Arteries "Crazy Sexy Rebels Get Intense"

Answer 26

Veins: Internal Jugular Vein External Jugular Vein Vertebral Veins Destination: Brachiocephalic Veins → Superior Vena Cava

Answer 27

Coronary Sinus: Main vein of the heart Collects almost all venous blood from heart muscle Destination: Right Atrium

Answer 28

Azygos Vein System: Drains chest wall and thoracic structures Tributaries: Intercostal veins Bronchial veins Destination: Superior Vena Cava

Answer 29

Major Veins: Hepatic Veins Renal Veins Gonadal Veins Superior/Inferior Mesenteric Veins Destination: Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 30

Coronary Arteries: Right Coronary Artery Left Coronary Artery

Answer 31

Hepatic Artery (from Celiac Trunk) Hepatic Portal Vein

Answer 32

Pulmonary Arteries Bronchial Arteries

Answer 33

Gastric Arteries (from Celiac Trunk)

Answer 34

Splenic Artery (from Celiac Trunk)

Answer 35

Renal Arteries (from Abdominal Aorta)

Answer 36

Internal Carotid Arteries Vertebral Arteries Circle of Willis

Answer 37

Testicular Arteries (males) Ovarian Arteries (females)

Answer 38

Renal Arteries

Answer 39

Subclavian Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Radial/Ulnar Arteries

Answer 40

Common Iliac Artery Femoral Artery Popliteal Artery Tibial Arteries

Answer 41

Celiac Trunk Branches: - Hepatic Artery - Splenic Artery - Left Gastric Artery Mesenteric Arteries: - Superior Mesenteric Artery - Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 42

Cutaneous Branches from: Intercostal Arteries Regional Arteries

Answer 43

- Fluid Management 💧 - Dietary Fat Transport 🍔 - Immune Defense 🛡️ Bonus: Pathogen Protection

Answer 44

Drains excess interstitial fluid Prevents tissue swelling Collects fluid that leaks from blood capillaries Returns fluid back to bloodstream

Answer 45

Special lymph vessels called lacteals in small intestine Absorb dietary fats Carry fats through lymph vessels Deposit fats into blood circulation

Answer 46

Carries out immune responses Fights off pathogens Contains: Lymphocytes (T cells & B cells) Lymphatic tissue Lymph nodes Red bone marrow

Answer 47

Filters lymph Destroys bacteria Removes cellular debris Produces immune cells

Answer 48

Location: Tiny vessels in tissue spaces Role: First collection point for excess fluid Begin lymph formation Merge to form larger vessels

Answer 49

Role: Transport lymph Carry fluid from capillaries Have internal valves to prevent backflow

Answer 50

Types: Lumbar trunks Intestinal trunk Bronchomediastinal trunk Subclavian trunk Jugular trunk Role: Collect lymph from specific body regions

Answer 51

Two Main Ducts: Thoracic Duct: Larger Collects lymph from most of body Empties into left subclavian vein Right Lymphatic Duct: Smaller Drains lymph from right side of upper body Empties into right subclavian vein

Answer 52

Propelled by: Skeletal muscle contractions Breathing movements Smooth muscle contractions in vessel walls

Answer 53

- Red Bone Marrow 🦴 - Thymus 🧬

Answer 54

Structure: Soft tissue inside bones Produces stem cells Function: Generates all blood cells Creates immature lymphocytes Develops B cells

Answer 55

Structure: Two-lobed organ Located behind sternum Shrinks with age Function: Develops T lymphocytes Produces thymosin hormone Matures immune cells

Answer 56

-Lymph Nodes 🔍 - spleen -tonsils - Lymphatic Nodules 🦠

Answer 57

Structure: Bean-shaped Clustered along lymphatic vessels Function: Filter lymph Trap pathogens Produce lymphocytes Destroy bacteria

Answer 58

Structure: Largest lymphatic organ Located in upper left abdomen Function: Filters blood Removes damaged blood cells Stores platelets Produces lymphocytes

Answer 59

Types: Palatine Pharyngeal (adenoids) Lingual Function: First line of immune defense Trap and destroy pathogens Prevent throat/respiratory infections

Answer 60

Location: Mucous membranes Digestive/urinary/reproductive tracts Function: Immune surveillance Localized pathogen defense

Answer 61

1. Fluid Formation 💧 2. Lymphatic Capillary Entry 🕳️ 3. Movement Propulsion 🌪️ Multiple Pumping Mechanisms: 4. Final Destination 🏁

Answer 62

Blood capillaries leak fluid into tissues Creates interstitial fluid Fluid pressure builds up

Answer 63

Tiny, closed-ended vessels in tissue spaces Thin, permeable walls Collect excess fluid Transform interstitial fluid into lymph

Answer 64

Multiple Pumping Mechanisms: Respiratory Pump: Skeletal Muscle Pump: Vessel Wall Contractions:

Answer 65

Lymph travels through: Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic trunks Collecting ducts Empties into: Left subclavian vein Right subclavian vein

Answer 66

Origin: Red Bone Marrow Process: Hematopoiesis Initial Types: 70-80% become T lymphocytes Remaining become B lymphocytes The red bone marrow is where stem cells divide and develop into different types of blood cells, including white blood cells.

Answer 67

presenting cells (APCs) like macrophages and dendritic cells - they find foreign invaders and show them to other immune cells.

Answer 68

these make antibodies to attack specific germs. Some B cells become memory B cells that remember past infections.

Answer 69

the white blood cells work together to recognize threats, coordinate the immune response, and destroy anything that doesn't belong in your body!

Answer 70

Helper T cells - they help activate and coordinate the immune response.

Answer 71

they directly attack and kill infected or cancerous cells.

Answer 72

they remember past infections so the immune system can respond faster next time.

Answer 73

helper cytotoxic memory

Answer 74

these are activated B cells that pump out lots of antibodies.

Answer 75

they can directly destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Answer 76

Cell-mediated uses T cells to directly attack threats Antibody-mediated uses B cells to produce antibodies that tag threats for destruction

Answer 77

- Naturally acquired active immunity - Naturally acquired passive immunity - Artificially acquired active immunity - Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 78

This happens when you get exposed to a pathogen and your body mounts an immune response, creating memory cells (p.78) For example, getting the flu and then being immune to that strain in the future

Answer 79

This is when antibodies are passed from mother to child, either through the placenta or breastmilk This provides short-term protection for the baby

Answer 80

This is when you get a vaccine, which exposes your body to a weakened or inactivated pathogen Your body then builds immunity without getting the full-blown illness

Answer 81

This is when you get an injection of antibodies, like gamma globulin (p.79) This provides short-term protection but doesn't create long-lasting immunity

Answer 82

Vascular Spasm 🚧 - Blood vessel constricts -Reduces blood flow to injury site - Smooth muscle contracts

Answer 83

- Platelets stick to damaged vessel wall - Create mechanical barrier - Prevent immediate blood loss

Answer 84

Step-by-Step Process: a. Tissue damage releases thromboplastin b. Prothrombin activator forms c. Prothrombin converts to thrombin d. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin e. Fibrin creates net-like structure f. Blood cells get trapped in fibrin net g. Solid clot forms

Answer 85

Dissolves small clots inside a blood vessel

Answer 86

Turbulence from the closure of the valves

Answer 87

Increasing the bloods viscosity

Answer 88

Expansion and recoil of an artery

Answer 89

Represents the force of blood pushing against arterial cells walls during ventricular relaxation

Answer 90

Represents the force of blood against arterial walls during ventricular relaxation

Answer 91

Breathing movements Pressure changes in chest Helps push lymph upward

Answer 92

Muscle contractions Squeeze lymphatic vessels Force fluid movement

Answer 93

Smooth muscle in lymphatic vessels Rhythmic contractions Assist fluid movement

Quiz #6- chapters 9 and 10 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

(117 cards)