Quiz 6 drugs

Question 1

Class:
Drug: Bethanechol
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Antidote:

Answer 1

Class: Muscarinic Agonist
Drug: Bethanechol
Action: Activates parasympathetic response → promotes urination
Uses: Post-op urinary retention, patients who can’t void
Precautions: Never give IM/IV; only Sub-Q or oral
Adverse Effects: Hypotension, bladder rupture
Antidote: atropine

Question 2

Class:
Drug: Atropine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Antidote:

Answer 2

Class: Muscarinic Antagonist
Drug: Atropine
Action: **Blocks parasympathetic **→ induces sympathetic effects
Uses: Antidote for poison gas or muscarinic agonist overdose
Precautions: Increased intraocular pressure
Adverse Effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
Antidote: Physostigmine

Question 3

Class:
Drug: Oxybutynin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 3

Class: Muscarinic Antagonist
Drug: Oxybutynin
Action: Blocks muscarinic receptors in bladder
Uses: Overactive bladder
Precautions: Crosses BBB – CNS side effects in older adults
Adverse Effects: Dry mouth (common), confusion, hallucinations

Question 4

Class:
Drug: Neostigmine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Antidote:

Answer 4

Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Drug: Neostigmine
Action: Inhibits breakdown of ACh → increases availability
Uses: Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Precautions: GI or urinary obstruction
Adverse Effects: Cholinergic crisis
Antidote: Atropine

Question 5

Class:
Drug: Epinephrine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 5

Class: Adrenergic Agonist
Drug: Epinephrine
Action: Activates fight-or-flight (sympathetic response)
Uses: Anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions
Precautions: Hypertensive crisis risk
Adverse Effects: Epilepsy, interacts with alpha/beta blockers

Question 6

Class:
Drug: Carbamazepine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 6

Class: Antiepileptic
Drug: Carbamazepine
Action: Sodium channel blocker
Uses: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, neuralgias
Precautions: Narrow therapeutic index; induces metabolism of other drugs
Adverse Effects: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 7

Class:
Drug: Phenytoin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 7

Class: Antiepileptic
Drug: Phenytoin
Action: Suppresses sodium influx
Uses: Partial and tonic-clonic seizures
Precautions: Give IV with normal saline or as fosphenytoin
Adverse Effects: Narrow therapeutic range (10–20 mcg/mL)

Question 8

Class:
Drug: Valproic Acid
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 8

Class: Antiepileptic / Antipsychotic
Drug: Valproic Acid
Action: Suppresses sodium and calcium influx
Uses: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, mood stabilization
Precautions: Monitor liver function
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis

Question 9

Class:
Drug: Levodopa + Carbidopa
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 9

Class: Dopamine replacer
Drug: Levodopa + Carbidopa
Action: Increases dopamine in CNS; carbidopa prevents peripheral breakdown
Uses: Parkinson’s disease
Precautions: Loses effectiveness after 5 years
Adverse Effects: Dyskinesias, orthostatic hypotension, psychosis

Question 10

Class:
Drug: Donepezil
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 10

Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Drug: Donepezil
Action: Inhibits ACh breakdown at synapses
Uses: Slows Alzheimer’s progression
Precautions: Caution with asthma/COPD
Adverse Effects: GI upset, dizziness, headache

Question 11

Class:
Drug: Imipramine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 11

Class: Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
Drug: Imipramine
Action: Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Uses: Depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, OCD
Precautions: Risk of seizures
Adverse Effects: Cardiac toxicity, interacts with CNS depressants

Question 12

Class:
Drug: Fluoxetine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 12

Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Drug: Fluoxetine
Action: Inhibits serotonin reuptake
Uses: Depression, OCD
Precautions: Withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly
Adverse Effects: Sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome

Question 13

Class:
Drug: Bupropion
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 13

Class: Atypical Antidepressant
Drug: Bupropion
Action: Possibly blocks dopamine reuptake
Uses: Depression, low libido, smoking cessation
Precautions: Lowers seizure threshold
Adverse Effects: Increased risk of seizures

Question 14

Class:
Drug: Lithium
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 14

Class: Mood Stabilizer
Drug: Lithium
Action: Simple inorganic ion with mood stabilizing effects
Uses: Bipolar disorder
Precautions: Toxic if >1.5 mEq/L; monitor fluid intake
Adverse Effects: Polyuria, dehydration, hypothyroidism, goiter

Question 15

Class:
Drug: Diazepam
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 15

Class: Benzodiazepine
Drug: Diazepam
Action: Potentiates GABA effects
Uses: Anxiety, seizures, insomnia, muscle spasms
Precautions: Tolerance, risk of dependence
Adverse Effects: CNS depression, respiratory depression, abuse potential

Question 16

Class:
Drug: Methylphenidate
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse effects:

Answer 16

Class: Stimulant
Drug: Methylphenidate
Action: Increases norepinephrine and dopamine by release and reuptake inhibition
Uses: ADHD, narcolepsy
Precautions: Avoid in structural cardiac abnormalities, sudden death in children
Adverse Effects: Dependence, do not discontinue abruptly

Question 17

Class:
Drug: Haloperidol
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:

Answer 17

Class: Butyrophenone (Typical Antipsychotic)
Drug: Haloperidol
Action: Blocks dopamine, ACh, histamine, norepinephrine receptors
Uses: Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette’s
Precautions: Seizures, dysrhythmias
Adverse Effects: EPS (dystonia, akathisia, Parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia), weight gain