Reproductive/Endo drugs for final

Question 1

Class:
Name: Combination Oral Contraceptives (Estrogen + Progestin)
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side effects:

Answer 1

Class: Hormone
Name: Combination Oral Contraceptives (Estrogen + Progestin)
Action: Inhibits ovulation by combining estrogen and progestin to suppress FSH and LH
Use: Prevention of pregnancy
Precautions:
-Smoking increases risk of hypertension and blood clots
-Most drugs reduce effectiveness—use backup contraception
-If 1 dose is missed: take 2 next time
-If 2 doses missed: take 2 next time
-If 3 doses missed: restart after 7 days and use backup method
-Stop immediately if pregnancy is suspected
Side Effects: Hypertension, Blood clots (DVT, PE risk), Teratogenic in high doses

Question 2

Class:
Name: Levonorgestrel IUD
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 2

Class: Hormone Device
Name: Levonorgestrel IUD
Action: Thickens cervical mucus; thins uterine lining
Use: Long-term contraception (1–10 years)
Precautions: STD, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Side Effect: Ectopic pregnancy

Question 3

Class:
Name: Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effects:

Answer 3

Class: Hormone
Name: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Action: Suppresses ovulation
Use: Long-term birth control
Precaution: Do not use >2 years (bone loss risk) / IM or SubQ
Side Effects: Weight gain, depression, decreased libido

Question 4

Class:
Name: Clomiphene
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 4

Class: Follicular Maturation
Name: Clomiphene
Action: Promotes follicular maturation and ovulation
Use: Female infertility
Precaution: Educate the patient on ovarian hyperstimulation (multiple births)
Side Effect: Hot flashes, multiple pregnancies

Question 5

Class:
Name: Magnesium sulfate
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:
Antidote:

Answer 5

Class: Tocolytic
Name: Magnesium sulfate
Action: Suppress uterine contractions
Use: Prevents premature labor (up to 72 hours)
Precaution: Use IV pump; monitor reflexes
Side Effect: Loss of reflexes, lethargy, respiratory depression
Antidote: Calcium gluconate

Question 6

Class:
Name: Oxytocin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 6

Class: Labor induction
Name: Oxytocin
Action: Stimulates uterine contractions
Use: Labor induction
Precaution: Monitor fetal position and contraction strength
Side Effect: Uterine rupture, water intoxication

Question 7

Class:
Name: Testosterone
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 7

Class: Androgen (Hormone)
Name: Testosterone
Action: Promotes spermatogenesis and muscle growth
Use: Male hypogonadism, delayed puberty
Precaution: Pregnancy Category X
Side Effect: Virilization (facial hair growth in women), hepatotoxicity, decreased HDL, Premature epiphyseal closure (won’t grow taller)

Question 8

Class:
Name: Sildenafil
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 8

Class: PDE5 Inhibitor
Name: Sildenafil
Action: Preserves cGMP → sustained erection
Use: Erectile dysfunction, pulmonary HTN
Precaution: Avoid with nitrates; high-fat meals slow absorption
Side Effect: Hypotension, life-threatening hypotension with nitrates

Question 9

Class:
Name: Finasteride
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 9

Class: 5-alpha-reductase Inhibitor
Name: Finasteride
Action: Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (active form of testosterone that stimulates prostate growth)
Use: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Precaution: Check PSA (can falsely decrease levels)
Side Effect: Decreased libido

Question 10

Class:
Name: Tamsulosin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 10

Class: Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
Name: Tamsulosin
Action: Relaxes bladder neck smooth muscle
Use: BPH, hypertension
Precaution: Avoid with other antihypertensives
Side Effect: Hypotension

Question 11

Class:
Name: Insulin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 11

Class: Antidiabetic Hormone
Name: Insulin
Action: Lowers blood glucose by allowing cellular uptake
Use: DM Type 1, 2, gestational; steroid-induced hyperglycemia
Precaution: Cannot be taken orally
Side Effect: Hypoglycemia (treat with juice/glucose)

Question 12

Class:
Name: Metformin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 12

Class: Biguanide
Name: Metformin
Action: Decreases hepatic glucose production
Use: First-line for Type 2 DM
Precaution: Hold 48 hrs with IV contrast dye
Side Effect: Dehydration, build up lactic acid → lactic acidosis

Question 13

Class:
Name: Glipizide
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 13

Class: Sulfonylurea
Name: Glipizide
Action: Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells
Use: Type 2 DM
Precaution: Avoid alcohol and beta-blockers
Side Effect: Hypoglycemia, sulfa allergy risk

Question 14

Class:
Name: Exenatide
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 14

Class: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Name: Exenatide
Action: Slows gastric emptying, reduces appetite
Use: Weight loss, Type 2 DM
Precaution: SubQ administration
Side Effect: Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis

Question 15

Class:
Name: Levothyroxine (T4)
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 15

Class: Thyroid Hormone
Name: Levothyroxine (T4)
Action: Increases metabolic rate
Use: Hypothyroidism (lifelong)
Precaution: Take on empty stomach, separate from other meds
Side Effect: Hyperthyroidism symptoms (if dose too high)

Question 16

Class:
Name: iodine (131 I)
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 16

Class: Antithyroid Agent
Name: iodine (131 I)
Action: Destroys thyroid tissue via radioactive uptake
Use: Graves’ disease, hyperthyroidism
Precaution: Pregnancy Category X
Side Effect: Hypothyroidism

Question 17

Class:
Name: Vasopressin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 17

Class: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Name: Vasopressin
Action: Promotes water retention by kidneys
Use: Diabetes insipidus
Precaution: Monitor for fluid overload
Side Effect: Water intoxication

Question 18

Class:
Name: Hydrocortisone
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 18

Class: Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid
Name: Hydrocortisone
Action: Mimics cortisol; reduces inflammation
Use: Addison’s disease, allergic/inflammatory conditions
Precaution: Follow circadian dosing; taper slowly
Side Effect: Cushingoid effects, adrenal suppression

Question 19

Class:
Name: Dapagliflozin
Action:
Use:
Precaution:
Side Effect:

Answer 19

Class: SGLT2 Inhibitor
Name: Dapagliflozin
Action: Increases glucose excretion in urine by inhibiting SGLT2 in the kidneys
Use: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), with or without diabetes
Precaution: Monitor hydration status and blood glucose; not for patients with severe renal impairment
Side Effect: Hypoglycemia (especially if used with insulin), dehydration, urinary tract infections