Quizzies (Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas)

Question 0

What features are lacking at C1?

Answer 0

Vertebral body, pedicle, a spinous process, and the intervertebral disc

Question 1

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Answer 1

Atlas

Question 2

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

Answer 2

The anterior arch

Question 3

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 3

Longus colli

Question 4

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 4

The anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital, and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

Question 5

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 5

The fovea dentis

Question 6

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 6

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

Question 7

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 7

They are elliptical, closer together in front, and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

Question 8

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 8

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 9

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

Answer 9

Synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

Question 10

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 10

Asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

Question 11

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 11

Backward, medial and downward (BMD)

Question 12

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

Answer 12

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 13

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

Answer 13

Levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitus anterior

Question 14

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

Answer 14

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

Question 15

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

Answer 15

Males: about fifty millimeters; females: about thirty-seven millimeters

Question 16

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

Answer 16

Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

Question 17

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

Answer 17

Groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

Question 18

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

Answer 18

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 19

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

Answer 19

About age 7 years old

Question 20

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

Answer 20

An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

Question 21

What forms the types of ponticulus posticus?

Answer 21

Ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 22

What are the attachment sites of the ponticulus posticus?

Answer 22

It is attached to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas

Question 23

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

Answer 23

Kimmerle’s anomaly

Question 24

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

Answer 24

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

Question 25

Ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations?

Answer 25

All ethnic populations studied thus far

Question 26

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

Answer 26

Female

Question 27

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

Answer 27

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 28

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

Answer 28

Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

Question 29

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

Answer 29

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and intertransversarii muscles

Question 30

What suboccipital muscles are known to have facial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

Answer 30

Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

Question 31

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dural called?

Answer 31

Myodural bridges

Question 32

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

Answer 32

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

Question 33

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

Answer 33

The retrotransverse foramen

Question 34

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

Answer 34

The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve, and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

Question 35

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous?

Answer 35

Ponticulus posticus

Question 36

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

Answer 36

Lateral bridges

Question 37

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

Answer 37

Males: 78 millimeters and females: 72 millimeters

Question 38

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

Answer 38

A little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

Question 39

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

Answer 39

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

Question 40

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

Answer 40

Five

Question 41

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

Answer 41

Two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets, and the fovea dentis