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EQM351 > Rabies Exam 2 > Flashcards

Rabies Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonotic

A

can be passed from animals to humans (or not as common-humans to animals)

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2
Q

Rabies

A

lethal zoonotic neurological disease

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3
Q

Who can get rabies?

A

any mammal

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4
Q

What countries has rabies been eradicated from?

A

-England
-New Zealand
-Iceland
(in humans/pets/etc. not bats)

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5
Q

What is the most common reservoir of rabies in KY?

A

skunks

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6
Q

What is the most common reservoir of rabies in the world?

A

bats

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7
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

to warm-blooded animals by the bite of an infected animal (fox, skunk, raccoon, bat, etc.)
-saliva gets deposited in broken skin from the bite and transmits the disease

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8
Q

What in the body holds most of the virus?

A

saliva

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9
Q

Transmission of rabies usually occurs between who?

A

an animals own species

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10
Q

What happens when rabies symptoms begin?

A

there is no cure/no going back

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11
Q

What is the most common reservoir on the east coast?

A

raccoons

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12
Q

What is the most common reservoir in the west?

A

skunks

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13
Q

What is the most common reservoir in the southwest/Hawaii?

A

fox

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14
Q

Why do opossums usually not contract rabies?

A

their blood temp is a little bit colder so the virus cannot survive as well in their bodies

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15
Q

If an animals behavior changes suddenly, what should you assume?

A

rabies (ex: a raccoon that is walking around during the day)

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16
Q

Are dead animals still transmissible with rabies?

A

yes

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17
Q

Where does the virus multiply in the victim once bitten?

A

in the muscle tissue around the bite site

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18
Q

What happens after the virus multiplies in the victim?

A

it travels to neurons and then travels to the spinal cord and brain (or through the cranial nerves to the brain) - then spreads throughout the body

19
Q

How long is the incubation period of rabies?

A

weeks to 6 months

20
Q

When does progression of rabies become rapid?

A

once transit has started in the peripheral nerves (because nerves are then straight connected to the brain)

21
Q

What happens once rabies reaches the brain?

A

it passes centrifugally to tissues and organs and reaches the salivary glands and nasal secretions

22
Q

When could incubation be shorter vs. longer?

A

if the bite site is closer to the brain, incubation could be shorter

23
Q

How long do rabies victims survive for?

A

about 10 days

24
Q

Clinical signs of rabies

A

-poor racing performance
-bizarre behavior
-lameness
-GI upset
-shifting weight
-ataxia
-weakness
-paralysis
-urine dripping
-flaccid tail/anus
-depression
-aggression
-self-mutilation
-tremors
-head-pressing
-seizures
-inability to drink (hydrophobia)
-salivation (a lot)

25
Q

What is the most common symptom in horses?

A

self-mutilation

26
Q

What did rabies used to be called and why?

A

hydrophobia because victims are very thirsty but physically cannot drink

27
Q

How many people die from rabies annually?

A

~60,000 (furious form)

28
Q

What are the two forms of rabies?

A

furious and dumb

29
Q

Furious rabies

A

-aggressive form
-animals become enraged, hyperexcitable, fearful
-hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity to stimuli)

30
Q

Who gets furious rabies?

A

all carnivores (and horses and cattle)

31
Q

Dumb rabies

A

-mental depression
-inappetance
-head pressing
-circling

32
Q

Who can get dumb rabies?

A

cattle/horses

33
Q

What is different in the rabies vaccine action vs. other vaccines

A

it is the only vaccine that can travel faster than the rabies disease itself

34
Q

Rabies is often misdiagnosed with:

A

-EEE/WEE
-WNV
-EHV-1
-Hepatic encephalopathy
-EPM
-Colic

35
Q

How is rabies diagnosed in animals?

A

-no definitive ante-mortem test
-testing needs to be done when the animal is dead
-send in the animals head for the brain to be tested

36
Q

How often are horses vaccinated for rabies?

A

once a year

37
Q

How often are dogs/cats vaccinated for rabies?

A

once a year or once every 3 years

38
Q

How is rabies diagnosed in humans?

A

there are ante-mortem tests for the saliva, CSF, serum, and skin biopsies

39
Q

What is looked at for the definitive way to diagnose rabies in animals (once dead)?

A

negri bodies

40
Q

Can rabies be treated?

A

no

41
Q

What occurs when horses are exposed to a confirmed case of rabies?

A

-re-vaccinated immediately
-observed for 45 days

42
Q

What type of transmission is uncommon?

A

herbivore to herbivore transmission (usually carnivore to herbivore)

43
Q

How to prevent rabies:

A

-vaccinate annually
-avoid wildlife contact, secure garbage cans, don’t leave food outside

EQM351 (28 decks)

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