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Rats Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

How many chromosomes does a rat have?

A

2n = 42

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2
Q

Thermoneutral zone of rats?

A

26-34 C

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3
Q

How much water does a rat drink per day?

A

10 mL/100 g of BW/day

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4
Q

How much food does a rat eat per day?

A

5 g/100 g BW/day

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5
Q

What volume of urine does a rat void per day?

A

3.3 ml/100 g BW/day

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6
Q

How many pairs of nipples does a rat have?

A

6

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7
Q

Where is the zymbal gland located?

A

Base of the ear

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8
Q

What is the vertebral formula of a rat?

A

7C 13T 6L 4S 27-40C

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9
Q

What is the dental formula of a rat?

A

2(I1/1, C0/0, PM0/0, M3/3)

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10
Q

Why can’t rats vomit?

A

Because of the presence of the limiting ridge (margo plicatus) separating the non-glandular and glandular portions of the stomach

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11
Q

How many liver lobes does a rat have? Names?

A

4 lobes –> Left, right, median and caudate

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12
Q

What is the Seno’s gland and where is it located?

A

Lateral nasal canal

Humidifies are and secretes a watery product at the rostral end of the nasal turbinates for the mucous layer

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13
Q

How many lung lobes does a rat have?

A

5

1 on the left
4 on the right (Cranial, middle, accessory, caudal)

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14
Q

When do rats reach sexual maturity?

A

~2-3 months (Females earlier than males)

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15
Q

Duration of parturition in a rat?

A

21-23 days

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16
Q

When do the eyes and ears open in rats?

A

Eyes = 14-17 days
Ears = 2.5-3.5 days (hear at 9 days)

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17
Q

ZDF rat

A

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat

Used to study type II diabetes (Develop diabetes b/t 7-12 weeks)

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18
Q

BB rat

A

BioBreeding rat, Wistar derived

Spontaneous autoimmune, insulin dependent diabetes

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19
Q

Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty Rat

A

Spontaneous model of type II diabetes

Late onset hyperglycemia + renal dysfunction by 30 weeks

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20
Q

Goto-Kakizaki rat

A

Type II non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Non-obese

Wistar derived

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21
Q

Cohen Diabetic rat

A

Non-obese, diet-induced type II diabetes

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22
Q

SHR

A

Spontaneously hypertensive rat

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23
Q

New Zealand Strain of Genetically Hypertensive Rats (GH)

A

Inbred strain with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and vascular disease

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24
Q

Milan hypertensive strain and normotensive strain

A

Developed from Wistar stock, selecting for high or low blood pressure

Age related glomerulosclerosis in MNS

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25
Dahl salt sensitive (DS) and salt resistant (DR)
Propensity to develop hypertension when fed 8% NaCl diet Inbred and non-inbred lines Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 expression and function impaired in sensitive
26
Lyon Hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and Low Blood Pressure (LL) Strains)
Inbred strains of SD origin LH - Increaesed BW, increased plasma lipid concentrations and markedly reduced lifespan
27
Fawn Hooded
Outbred Hypertension, platelet function abnormality
28
Fawn Hooded Hypertension
Derived from outbred Fawn Hooded Progressive proteinuria (albumin) and glomerulosclerosis at a young age
29
Brattleboro (DI, di/di)
Spontaneous mutation in Long-Evans hooded from Brattleboro Central diabetes insipidus
30
Gunn rat
Spontaneous mutation in Wistar stock Hereditary unconjugated bilirubinemia (Crigler-Najjar Syndrome) Autosomal recessive Lack UDP-glucuronyl-transferase in liver that conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid
31
Long Evans Cinnamon
Spontaneous cholangiofibrosis (Wilson's disease) Ceruloplastin deficiency, hepatic copper accumulation and hepatocellular injury caused by deletion of the rat homolog of human ATP7B (same as Mo mice)
32
WAG/Rii
Inbred, albino Model of childhood absence epilepsy
33
What gross and histo pathology would you expect in a rat infected with Corynebacterium kutscheri?
Gross - Abscesses in lung, liver, kidney, skin and joints Histo - Septic emboli in organs, irregularly branching arrays of gram positive rods
34
What is the best tissue to sample for culture of Corynebacterium kutscheri?
Cervical/submandibular lymph node
35
Gross pathology associated with Tyzzer's disease in rats?
Foci of necrosis on liver, megaloileitis, myocardial necrosis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy
36
Stains used to detect Clostridium piliforme?
Warthin-Starry (best), Giemsa, methylene blue
37
You perform a necropsy on a rat who has had diarrhea and find ulcers in the cecum. What is the likely etiologic agent?
Salmonellosis
38
A rat with an indwelling catheter develops valvular endocarditis and hemorrhagic pneumonia? Etiologic agent?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
39
Causative agent of rat bite fever/Haverhill fever?
Streptobacillus moniliformis
40
Symptoms of Streptobacillus moniliformis in people?
Fever, vomiting, arthralgia, rash
41
Signs of Helicobacter pylori infection in nude rats?
Proliferative and ulcerative typhlitis, colitis and proctitis
42
Hemobartonellosis
Mycoplasma haemomuris (Haemobartonella muris) Obligate parasite of erythrocytes Transmitted by the spiny rat louse (Polyplax spinulosa)
43
Syphacia muris
Most common pinworm of rats Eggs more ellipsoid Dx - Tape test, PCR
44
Syphacia obvelata
Mouse pinworm Eggs flat on one side Dx - Tape test, PCR (Syphacia = Surface)
45
Aspiculuris tetraptera
Pinworm Eggs laid in cecum and pass in feces, bilaterally symmetrical Dx - Fecal float, direct exam of cecum and colon
46
Trichosomoides crassicauda
Bladder threadworm Embryonated eggs passed in urine --> Ingesion --> Hatch in stomach and penetrate stomach wall to peritoneal cavity or bloodstream Dx - Filter urine and examine filter medium Tx - Ivermectin
47
Rodentoleptis nana
Dwarf tapeworm Direct or indirect (grain beetle/fleas) life cycle Eggs have hooklets and polar filaments
48
Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm Always indirect life cycle (grain beetle/flea/cockroach) Eggs have hooklets, no polar filaments
49
Radfordia ensifera
Rat fur mite - Most common ectoparasite of rats Pelage-inhabiting Eggs persist in environment and hatch in 7-8 days Tarsal claws on 2nd pair of legs are paired and equal Dx - PCR of skin swab or cage swab (most reliable), hair pluck, tape test, postmortem put on black background and look for mites Tx - Ivermectin, selemectin, moxidectin
50
Polyplax spinulosa
Spined rat louse, blood-sucking/anoplura Vector of Mycoplasma haemomuris Dx - Examine fur, screen blood smears for H. muris if lice detected Tx - Ivermectin
51
Hallmark gross path and histo of Pneumocystis carinii?
Lungs fail to collapse Perivascular cuffing, fungal cysts in alveoli with methenamine silver stain
52
Autoclaving diets reduces concentrations of what nutrients?
Lysine, Vit A, Vit E, riboflavin, thiamin
53
Recommended light levels for albino rats? Consequence if light too high?
325-400 lux, 1 m above the floor Retinal degeneration
54
Hearing range of rats?
0.25-76 kHz
55
What strain of rat commonly develops testicular tumors? What types of tumors are they?
F344 Interstitial cell/leydig cell tumors
56
Pituitary tumors in the rat often produce what hormone?
Prolactin
57
What strain of rats commonly develops large granular lymphocytic leukemia? Organ of origin?
F344 Arises in spleen
58
Most common type of mammary tumor in rats?
Fibroadenoma
59
Rats prone to hydronephrosis?
Brown Norway, Gunn, SD, Zucker
60
Are males or females more prone to chronic progressive nephropathy?
Males
61

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