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Guinea Pigs Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the scientific name of guinea pigs?

A

Cavia porcellus

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2
Q

Is the IAF hairless guinea pig euthymic or athymic?

A

Euthymic

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3
Q

What suborder do guinea pigs belong to?

A

Hystricomorpha (porcupine like)

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4
Q

How many digits do guinea pigs have on their fore and hind feet?

A

4 digits on forefeet and 3 digits on hind feet

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5
Q

How many pairs of mammae do guinea pigs have?

A

Single pair (male and female)

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6
Q

What is the Beuhler assay?

A

Skin sensitization by contact with the test substance via patches

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7
Q

What is the Klingman assay?

A

Intradermal innoculation of a test substance with adjuvant and subsequent exposure to the test substance to measure allergic response

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8
Q

Why are guinea pigs difficult to intubate and dose orally?

A

Elongated soft palate covers the back of the throat and small palatal ostium

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9
Q

How much floor space does a guinea pig <350 g require? >350g?

A

<350 g –> 60 in^2
>350 g –> 101 in^2

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10
Q

What is the minimum height of a guinea pig enclosure?

A

7 inches

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11
Q

Diploid chromosome number of the guinea pig?

A

64

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12
Q

How much food does a guinea pig eat/day?

A

6 g/100g BW/day

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13
Q

How much water does a guinea pig drink/day?

A

10 ml/100g BW/day

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14
Q

What is the predominant WBC in guinea pigs?

A

Lymphocyte

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15
Q

What is the name of the leukocyte unique to guinea pigs?

A

Foa-Kurloff cell (estradiol dependent and increase during pregnancy)

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16
Q

What is the dental formula of guinea pigs?

A

2(I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 1/1, M 3/3)

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17
Q

What teeth are open rooted (hypsodontic) in guinea pigs?

A

All of them

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18
Q

How long is gestation in guinea pigs?

A

59-72 days (68 average)

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19
Q

What kind of uterus does a female guinea pig have?

A

Bicornuate with a single cervix

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20
Q

Why should females be first bred before 6-9 months of age?

A

To prevent calcification of the pubic symphysis

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21
Q

How many days does the guinea pig estrus cycle last?

A

16 days

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22
Q

What hormone causes opening of the pelvic symphysis in pregnant guinea pigs in the last week of gestation. What is the source?

A

Relaxin. Produced by the placenta

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in guinea pigs?

A

Subclinical or respiratory signs, septicemia and high mortality +/- stillbirth, abortion in genital form

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24
Q

What species should not be housed with guinea pigs due to concern for B. bronchiseptica transmission?

A

Rabbits

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25
Treatment for B. bronchiseptica
Fluoroquinolones or TMS
26
Lancefield group and type of hemolysis of Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus
Lancefield group C and beta-hemolysis
27
Clinical presentation of Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus and preventative measures
Abscess formation especially in cervical lymph nodes (lumps), dyspnea, hematuria, abortions, stillbirths Prevent by feeding non-abrasive feed and providing dental care
28
Type of hemolysis produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Alpha hemolysis
29
Clinical presentation and pathology of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Sudden death or depression, anorexia, oculonasal discharge, sneezing/coughing, dyspnea, torticollis, abortion, stillbirth Fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis and suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, endometritis and arthritis
30
Is antibiotic treatment recommended for S. pneumoniae? Why or why not?
No, may induce a carrier state
31
Clinical presentation and pathology of Salmonella enterica
Sudden death or rough coat, weakness, conjunctivitis, abortion, intermittent diarrhea; high mortality Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and multi-focal white dipdots on viscera
32
Is treatment recommended for S. enterica? Why or why not?
No, because may induce a carrier state
33
Clinical presentation and pathology of Clostridium piliforme
Emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, diarrhea, death Hepatic necrosis, necrotizing ileitis, typhlitis NO heart pathology
34
What stain(s) can visualize C. piliforme?
Giemsa or Warthin-Starry
35
Causative agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis
Chlamydophila caviae
36
Clinical signs and pathology of Chlamydophila cavia
Subclinical to severe conjunctivitis, rhinitis and genital tract infections that last 3-4 weeks Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in conjunctival epithelial cells seen with Giemsa or Macchiavello staining
37
Presentation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1. Highly fatal acute septicemia 2. Chronic emaciation, diarrhea and death within 3-4 weeks 3. Non-fatal lymphadenitis 4. Subclinical carrier state
38
Is guinea pig adenovirus DNA/RNA and enveloped or not?
Enveloped DNA
39
Clinical presentation and pathology of guinea pig adenovirus
Sudden death or dyspnea, tachypnea, rales and crepitus with low morbidity and high mortality Well-demarcated areas of dark red pulmonary consolidation and compensatory emphysema. On histo, sloughing and necrosis of respiratory epithelium with INIBs
40
Clinical presentation and pathology of cytomegalovirus in guinea pigs
Subclinical or weight loss, conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy Karyomegaly of salivary gland epithelium (submaxillary gland), severe interstitial pneumonia, splenomegaly, meningitis, congenital neuro abnormalities, large INIBs in salivary gland
41
Transmission of cytomegalovirus and location of latency
Saliva, transplacental (C-section rederivation will not prevent) Latent in the salivary glands, thymus (adults) and spleen (fetus)
42
Clinical presentation and pathology of Eimeria caviae
Lethargy, anorexia, pasty feces, diarrhea and death in severely infected weanlings Edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, white/yellow plaques in proximal colon and cecum; invade crypts of Liebierhuhm in proximal colon
43
Treatment for Eimeria caviae
Sulfonamides
44
How many days after leaving a host are Eimeria caviae oocysts infective?
2-11 days
45
Clinical presentation and pathology of Cryptosporidium wrairi
Weight loss (most common), anorexia, pot-belly, rectal prolapse in young animals (<16 weeks) Hyperemia, edema, villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and organisms at brush border of ileum
46
Guinea pigs require dietary vitamin C, because they lack what enzyme?
L-gulonolactone oxidase
47
Clinical signs and pathology of hypovitaminosis C
Fragile blood vessels, painful bruising, swollen joints Hemorrhage in subperiosteum, adrenal cortex, skeletal muscle and joints, microfractures
48
What are the two forms of pregnancy toxemia?
Pre-eclampsia/circulatory form and fasting ketosis
49
What UA changes are associated with pre-eclampsia?
Proteinuria, ketonuria and acidic urine (pH 5-6)
50
What bacteria is associated with ulcerative pododermatitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
51
What antibiotics are commonly implicated in antibiotic-associated typhlocolitis? What bacteria commonly overgrows in this condition?
Aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, clindamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, penicillin C. difficile
52
What types of teeth are most commonly involved in malocclusions?
Premolars and molars
53
What does DART stand for?
Developmental and reproductive toxicology
54
What are guinea pigs often used to study?
Hearing, toxicology, allergic diseases, asthma, COPD, reproduction and pregnancy-related diseases, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis
55
What type of placentation do guinea pigs have?
Hemomonochorial
56
What strain/stock and sex of guinea pig develops OA lesions on the medial aspect of their stifles? By what age?
Male Dunkin-Hartleys 3 months of age
57
If a researcher is inducing OA in a guinea pig, what methods might they use?
Partial medial meniscectomy or injections of sodium monoiodoacetate
58
What are GPs often used to study?
Anaphylaxis, airway reactivity in asthma, delayed hypersensitivity, gnotobiotics, immunology, infectious and nutritional disease, vitamin C metabolism
59
What accessory sex glands do male GPs have?
Seminal vesicles, prostate, coagulating gland, bulbourethral gland, rudimentary preputial glands
60
What is the causative agent of lumps?
Streptococcus equi ss zooepidemicus
61
ELISA for what other virus is cross reactive with guinea pig poliovirus?
The GDVII strain of theilovirus
62
What is the best tissue to sample for LCMV ELISA or IFA?
Liver
63
How is deafening most commonly achieved when guinea pigs are used to study hearing loss?
Administration of aminoglycosides (SC or direct infusion)
64
What non-infectious respiratory conditions are guinea pigs used to model?
Asthma and COPD
65
How is asthma induced in guinea pigs?
OVA sensitization (Repeated IP injection with OVA + alum --> challenge with OVA nebulization)
66
How is COPD induced in guinea pigs?
Exposure to cigarette smoke followed by adenovirus infection
67
What kind of placentation do guinea pigs have?
Hemomonochorial placentation
68
What guinea pig strain is used as a model of OA and what strain(s) is/are used as controls?
Dunkin-Hartley males consistently develop degenerative lesions in stifle joint starting at 3 months of age Strains 2 and 13 are used as controls
69
What type of herpesvirus infection are guinea pigs used to model?
Herpes simplex virus 2 (genital herpes)
70
What guinea pig strain is used to model disseminated cytomegalovirus infection?
Strain 2
71
What strain of guinea pig is used to study Lassa virus and other hemorrhagic viruses?
Strain 13
72
Are outbred or inbred strains more susceptible to allergic sensitization?
Outbred

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