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Hematology > RBC Pathway And Abnormalities > Flashcards

RBC Pathway And Abnormalities Flashcards

(75 cards)

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0
Q

Effect of gender in RBC count

A

Estrogen inhibits erythropoiesis. Decrease RBC count

Androgen stimulates erythropoiesis. Increase RBC count

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1
Q

Erythrocytes normal values in conventional unit

A

Male: 5.5-6.5 million/cu.mm
Female: 4.5-5.5 million/cu.mm

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2
Q

Decrease oxygen means?

A

Increase erythropoiesis. Increase RBC count

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3
Q

Conditions with increase RBC count

A 
Polycythemia Vera
Chronic heart disease
Dehydration 
Lung disease
Acute poisoning 
Residing in a place with high altitude
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4
Q

Conditions with decrease RBC count

A

Anemia
Hemorrhage
Oligocythemia

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5
Q

Substrate for aldolase cleavage for the final product of phase 1

A

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate

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7
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis, non oxidative pathway

A

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

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8
Q

ATP is not used in what situation?

A

Oxygen release to tissue

Oxygen binding to heme

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9
Q

Product of EMP

A

2 ATP

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10
Q

By product of EMP phase 1

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate G3P

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11
Q

Necessary for the production of 2,3-BPG

A

Leubering-Rapoport Pathway

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12
Q

Production of 2,3-DPG is dependent in what enzyme?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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13
Q

Functional dependent in G6PD

A

Hexose-monophosphate shunt

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14
Q

Co factor for glutathione reductase

A

NADPH

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15
Q

Reduced form of glutathione

A

GSH

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16
Q

Maintains the iron in the hemoglobin in its reduced state

A

Methemoglobin reductase pathway

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17
Q

Reduced state of iron

A

Ferrous

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18
Q

Esterification of plasma cholesterol is controlled by what enzyme

A

Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase

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20
Q

Converts methemoglobin to hemoglobin

A

Cytochrome b5 reductase

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21
Q

Protein stain

A

Coomasie blue

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22
Q

Proteins require this powerful detergent

A

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

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23
Q

Membrane proteins are named according to their selective position in?

A

SDS-PAGE

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24
Q

Most commonly defined abnormality appears to be a defect in spectrin

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis

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25
Q

Disorder produced by the cholesterol overloading of the membrane

A

Acanthocytes

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26
Acathocytes is associated with?
Abetalipoproteinemia and Mcleod syndrome
28
Principal skeletal proteins
Alpha and beta spectrin
29
Cup shaped in wet preparation
Target cells
30
Target cells is commonly found in?
Obstructive liver disease
31
Mechanism of RBC destruction
Extravascular and intravascular destruction
32
Main graveyard of RBC
Spleen
33
RBC parameter
MCH | MCV
34
3 phases of EMP
Primary investing phase Pay-off phase Conversion to pyruvate
35
Variation in cell size
Anisocytosis
36
Variation in cellshape
Poikilocytosis
37
RBC size is smaller than the nucleus of lymphocytes
Microcytic
38
RBC size is bigger than the small lymphocytes
Macrocytic
39
Mutation in the gene for band 3 that results in increased rigidity of the membrane and resistant to the invasion by malaria
Southeast asian ovalocytosis
40
Elliptocytes which show slit like areas pallor
HE with stomatocytosis
41
Due to the alterations in RBC membrane-spectrin
Elliptocytes
42
Normal MCV of RBC
80-100fl
43
Kind of RBC destruction wherein the RBC lyses in the vessels from purely mechanical or traumatic cause
Intravascular hemolysis
44
Variant of hereditary elliptocytosis characterized by marked poikilocytosis and heat sensitivity
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
45
High prevalence of southeast asian ovalocytosis occurs in?
Malaysia
46
RBC with irregular spicules
Acanthocyte | Thorn cell
47
Regularly spicule surface
Burr cells
48
Burr cells is commonly seen in?
Pyruvate kinase deficiency Uremia Cancer of the stomach Acute blood loss
49
Commonly found in obstructive liver disease where the increase surface area is due to an accumulation of cholesterol and lecithin due inhibition of plasma LCAT activity by bile salts
Target cells
50
Defects in proteins that disrupt the vertical interactions between transmembrane protein and the underlying protein cytoskeleton
Hereditary spherocytosis
51
Half moon, spiculated resembling two horns results from ruptured vacuole
Keratocytes
52
Seen in myelofibrosis and myeloidmelaplasia
Dacryocytes
53
Result from fragmentation and squeezing of cell during splenic persuasion
Dacryocytes
54
Red cell fragments. An intrinsic abnormality of the red cell which makes it more likely to fragment
Schistocyte or schizocyte
55
Seen in MAHA, HUS and DIC
Schizocyte
56
Due to the polymerization of abnormal Hb-HbS
Sickle cells or depranocytes
57
MCHC is high, less deformable, so they pile up in the spleen causing blockages
Spherocytes
58
Elongated RBC with a slit like central pallor
Stomatocytes
59
Stomatocytes are seen in
``` Severe hemolytic anemia Hereditary stomatocytosis Alcoholism Rh null disease Mediterranean stomatocytosis ```
60
Dimpled, resembling pinched. Have two small areas of central pallor separated by a band on hemoglobin
Knizocytes
61
Seen in polychromatophilia, lead poisoning and in impaired hemoglobin synthesis
Basophilic stippling
62
Abnormal instability of the RNA in the young cells
Basophilic stippling
63
Composed of nuclear ribosomes or denatured proteins
Cabot rings
64
Caused by excess red cell membrane to the hemoglobin content of the cell
Target cell
65
Smooth round remnants of DNA, usually single
Howell jolly body
66
Howell jolly body is seen in
Megaloblastic anemia Severe hemolytic anemia After splenectomy
67
Siderotic dranules. Iron from sideromes and mitochondria that are stained with prussian blue. Often near periphery of the cell
Pappenheimer bodies
68
Presence indicates increase erythropoiesis
Reticulocytes
69
Figure of eight. Or loop shaped | The rings are probably microtubules from a mitotic spindle
Cabot rings
70
Rouleaux formation is seen in?
Monoclonal gammopathy
71
Might appear in the blood with polychromatophilic normoblast
Nucleated RBC
72
Large numbers of circulating RBC are seen in
Hemolytic disease of newborns | Thalassemia major
73
Iron aggregates
Pappenheimer
74
Clumping of red cells
Agglutination
75
Cigar shaped or egg shaped
Elliptocytes
76
Defective proteins disrupt the horizontal linkages in the protein cytoskeleton and weaken the mechanical stability of the membrane
Hereditary elliptocytosis
79
Alignment of red cells upon one another. Resembling a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation

Hematology (7 decks)

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