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D1 Fall > RD 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

RD 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

dentition

A

all teeth in the mouth

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2
Q

homodont

A

animals with the same teeth throughout the entire dentition

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3
Q

heterodont

A

mammals that have teeth of different classes (humans)

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4
Q

how many classes of teeth in primary dentition, what are they

A

3 (incisors, canine, molar)

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5
Q

how many classes of permanent dentition and what are the names

A

4 (incisors, canines, premolars, molars)

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6
Q

monophyodont

A

have one set of teeth (beluga whale, dolphin, porpoise)

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7
Q

polyphyodont

A

have endless succession of teeth, when one is lost it is then replaced (shark, frog)

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8
Q

diphyodont

A

has two sets of teeth (humans)

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9
Q

how would you classify a human in terms of their dentition

A

a diphyodont heterodont

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10
Q

how many primary teeth and how many of each category

A

20 total = 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

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11
Q

how many permanent teeth and how many of each category

A

32 permanent teeth= 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, 12 molars

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12
Q

two types of incisors and their location

A

central and lateral, central are two in the middle, lateral are the ones on opposite sides of the central incisors

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13
Q

anterior teeth

A

incisors and canines

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14
Q

posterior teeth

A

premolars and molars

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15
Q

which teeth are present in permanent but not in primary

A

all premolars and third molar

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16
Q

3 types of tooth identification systems

A

Universal (most common), FDI, Palmer Notation (ortho mostly)

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17
Q

Universal (Permanent)

A

1-16 maxillary teeth going left to right (while viewing patients mouth)
17-32 mandibular teeth going right to left (while viewing patients mouth)

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18
Q

Universal (primary)

A

A-J maxillary teeth going left to right (while viewing patients mouth)
K-T mandibular teeth going right to left (while viewing patients mouth)

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19
Q

FDI (permanent)

A

-2 digits for each tooth

1st digit follows these guidelines (1-4)

1 = max, right quad
2 = max, left quad
3 = mand, left quad
4 = mand, right quad

2nd digit is the distance from the midline (1-8)

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20
Q

FDI (primary)

A

-2 digits for each tooth

1st digit follows these guidelines (5-8)

5= max, right quad
6 = max, left quad
7 = mand, left quad
8 = mand, right quad

2nd digit is the distance from the midline (1-5)

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21
Q

Palmer Notation

A

the number used is the distance from the midline (1-8)
put it in a box based on the quad
UR | UL
LR | LL

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22
Q

4 tissues in the teeth

A

enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

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23
Q

which tissues of the tooth are visible in an extracted tooth

A

enamel and cementum

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24
Q

enamel

A

-external layer of the anatomical crown
-hardest substance in the body

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25
what is enamel derived from
ectoderm, specialized epithelial cells called ameloblasts
26
cementum
-dull yellow external layer of the root -very thin
27
where is cementum derived from
mesoderm, cementoblasts
28
dentin
-hard yellow layer under enamel and cementum -major inner bulk -harder than cementum, softer than enamel
29
where is dentin derived from
mesoderm, odontoblasts
30
pulp
-Connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves -coronal portion = pulp chamber - root portion =root canal
31
apical foramen
hole at the top of the root apex where nerves and blood vessels enter
32
what is the pulp derived from
mesoderm, dental papilla
33
rank the tooth tissues in terms of hardness
enamel>dentin>cementum>pulp
34
anatomic crown
part covered by enamel
35
anatomical root
part covered by cementum
36
CEJ (cementoenamel junction)
line where anatomical root and anatomical crown meet
37
how do the anatomical root and crown change over time
they never change over a person's life
38
clinical crown
tooth visible in the oral cavity
39
clinical root
amount of tooth not visible, covered by gingiva
40
how can clinical crown and root change over time
over time, gingival recession can occur, making the clinical crown appear larger and the clinical root smaller
41
outer surfaces of teeth
facial: labial for anterior, buccal for posterior
42
inner surface of teeth
lingual (where tongue touches teeth)
43
chewing surface of posterior teeth
occlusal
44
biting surface on anterior teeth
incisal ridge / edge
45
sides of the teeth
proximal (general term) , mesial and distal sides
46
mesial surface
side closer to midline
47
distal surface
side closer to the back of the mouth
48
which two teeth have mesial sides touching each other
central incisors
49
which surfaces are not naturally cleaned by mouth
proximal, mesial and distal (need flossing to reach)
50
external line angle
line where 2 surfaces meet
51
how to name a line angle
combine 2 names, change -al of first surface to -o order for naming: mesial, distal, facial, lingual, occlusal, incisal
52
point angle
where 3 tooth surfaces meet
53
dimension of a tooth
the length being measured from one surface to another
54
the length of the root
cervicoapical dimension
55
dividing a crown into thirds (horizontal)
cervical, middle, occlusal/incisal
56
dividing a root into thirds (horizontal)
cervical, middle , apical
57
when dividing a crown or root into thirds (facial or lingual view) (vertical)
mesial, middle, distal
58
when dividing a crown or root into thirds (mesial or distal) (vertical)
facial, middle, lingual
59
when diving a crown into thirds (occlusal/incisal) (mesiodistally)
facial, middle, lingual
60
when diving a crown into thirds (occlusal/incisal view) (faciolingually)
mesial, middle, distal
61
root-to-crown ratio
root length divided by crown length
62
normal root to crown ratio
normally > 1.0
63
what is the clinical significance of a root-to-crown ratio
a small root-to-crown ratio is not the best choice for attaching false teeth
64
a cusp
pyramidal elevation, on occlusal surfaces of molars/premolars, and incisal edges of canines
65
how many cusp ridges does a single cusp have
4
66
naming a 2-cusped premolar
buccal or lingual, based on surface they are adjacent to
67
naming a 4-cusped molar
after adjacent line angles: mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual
68
ridges on anterior teeth
mesial and distal marginal ridge -located on each respective side on lingual surface and converge to cingulum
69
triangular ridge
on each major cusp on posterior teeth -extends from cusp tip to sulcus in middle of tooh
70
when triangular ridge on facial joins triangular ridge on lingual
transverse ridge
71
when triangular ridge on facial joins triangular ridge on diagonal lingual cusp
oblique ridge (only maxillary molars)
72
mamelons
3 small tubercules/scallops on incisal edge of incisors
73
perikymata
minute horizontal ridges on enamel of new permanent teeth -closer together in cervical third than in incisal third
74
tooth sulcus
v-shaped depression running mesiodistally on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
75
function of sulci
allow for chewing food to escape through the grooves
76
developmental grooves
major, sharply defined, linear depressions -formed during tooth development -separates lobes of teeth
77
main developmental grooves
central groove runs mesiodistal fossa developmental grooves at ends of central groove
78
additional grooves (not developmental)
supplemental grooves -don't occur at the junction of lobes
79
fissure
narrow cleft at the depth of any groove (lines on tooth)
80
cause of a fissure
incomplete fusion of enamel during tooth development
81
fossa
small hollow depression between marginal ridges -on lingual surface of anteriors -on occlusal surface of posterior
82
pits
occur at the depth of fossa where 2 or more grooves join
83
apex
tip at the end of the root
84
apical foramina
visible openings where nerve and blood vessels enter the pulp
85
cervix
neck of the tooth, union of the crown and root
86
root trunk
part of the root that hasn't split into multiple roots
87
furcation
spot on root trunk where it divides into separate roots -bifurcation for 2 roots -trifurcation for 3 roots
88
furcal region
space between 2 or more roots usually filled with gingiva
89
Cervical Line Curvature
-curves convex toward incisal/occlusal surface
90
the amount of curvature of CEJ on the _____ surface is greater than on the ____ surface
mesial, distal
91
When moving from the central incisors to the molars, the curvature _______
decreases as you move distally
92
mid-root axis line
imaginary line through the center of the root -important for describing landmarks
93
height of contour
aka crest of curvature -shape of greatest bulge on facial and lingual surfaces
94
height of contour function
help determine the direction that food particles are deflected
95
where do anterior teeth have facial and lingual heights of contour
in the cervical third of the crown
96
where do posterior teeth have heights of contour on the facial and lingual surfaces
facial = cervical third lingual = middle third
97
Contact areas
greatest heights of contour on proximal surfaces -where one tooth touches an adjacent tooth
98
proximal contact functions
-stabilize position of teeth -prevent food impaction -protects interdental papillae
99
proximal contact areas lie ________
along the height of contour line
100
proximal contact area lies in the _____ and ________
faciolingual dimension and incisocervical dimension
101
diastema
space between 2 teeth not caused by 2 missing teeth
102
which teeth have mesial contact areas most incisally
central incisors (means that they touch closest to the incisal edge)
103
typically, the ______ contact is more cervical than the _______ contact
distal, mesial (cervical means closer to root)
104
when viewing from facial, contact areas are located where
incisal/occlusal third, middle third, or in between
105
contact areas are normally NOT in which area
cervical third
106
when viewing anterior teeth from an incisal view, the contact are nearly centered _______
faciolingually
107
when viewing posterior teeth from an incisal view, the contact are located _ ______
slightly more facial of the midline buccolingually
108
embrasure spaces
v-shaped space formed by curved tooth surfaces -allow chewed food to escape from occlusal surface
109
when adjacent teeth contact, how many embrasure spaces are formed
4 triangular embrasure spaces
110
occlusal view shows which embrasure spaces
facial and lingual
111
facial view shows which embrasure spaces
incisal and interproximal
112
interproximal embrasure space
cervical to contact area between 2 teeth
113
interdental papillae
projection of free gingival tissue in the interproximal area
114
col
slightly sagging tent, shape of healthy interdental papilla
115
compare sizes of lingual vs. facial embrasure space
lingual > facial
116
occlusal embrasure
area between marginal ridges on 2 teeth -where dental floss passes before going into interproximal space

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