renal 3

Question 1

most common urinary tract neoplasm

Answer 1

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

Question 2

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder peak incidence

Answer 2

men 60 to 80 years old

Question 3

does Cancer of the Urinary Bladder or Renal cell cancer cause more deaths

Answer 3

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder is about two times more common than renal cell cancer, but accounts for the same number of deaths

Question 4

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder may be associated with

Answer 4

cigarette smoking

industrial carcinogens (Azo dyes, rubber chemicals, printing chemicals)

Schistosoma haematobium, a parasite in Egypt

Question 5

Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the bladder ___%
Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the bladder ____%

Adenocarcinomas and Sarcomas make up the reming 3 %

Answer 5

90

7

Question 6

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder appear

Answer 6

papillary or flat, invasive or non-invasive

Question 7

metastases of Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

Answer 7

pelvic lymph nodes or distant sites

Question 8

Cancer of the Urinary Bladder patients present with

Answer 8

hematuria, dyers, and lower abdominal pain

Question 9

how do you diagnosis Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

Answer 9

cystoscopy and histologic biopsy

Question 10

The sudden onset of HTN may cause what of the glomerular capillaries?

Answer 10

fibrinoid necrosis

Question 11

describe acute renal failure

Answer 11

rapid but frequently reversible deterioration of renal function.
The disease has a sudden onset, and in a few days, loss of excretory function, resulting in oliguria or anuria

Question 12

acute renal failure pre renal causes

Answer 12

shock, HF caused by MI

Question 13

Acute renal failure post renal causes

Answer 13

sudden obstruction to urine outflow

Question 14

Acute renal failure renal causes

Answer 14

glomerulonephritis

Question 15

describe nephrotic syndrome

Answer 15

decrease in plasma oncotic pressure which allows fluid to escape into the tissues, causing Edema

Question 16

Minimal Change Disease adults vs children

Answer 16

Minimal Change Disease is the cause behind 70% Nephrotic Syndrome in children, but for only 20% of cases in adults.

Question 17

what is nephritic syndrome characterized by

Answer 17

Hematuria
proteinuria
decreased GFR, 
elevations in the levels of BUN and serum creatinine
oliguria
mild edema
HTN

Question 18

_____ ______ is the only means of definitive diagnosis for all glomerular diseases

Answer 18

renal biopsy

Question 19

patients with Acute Post-Streptococcal GMN present with

Answer 19

child abruptly develops malaise, fever, nausea, oliguria, and hematuria, 1-2 weeks after the recovery of a sore throat

Question 20

describe Goodpastures Syndrome

Answer 20

An autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of antibodies to the body’s own basement membrane components, collagen type 4

Question 21

Glomerular diseases that cause this syndrome are characterized by inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, with leukocytes and necrosis are known as

Answer 21

nephritic syndromes

Question 22

permeability defect in the glomerular capillaries that allows protein to be lost from the plasma into the urine causing a decrease in circulating blood proteins are known as which disorders

Answer 22

nephrotic syndromes

Question 23

heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria are seen in which syndromes

Answer 23

nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

which system is activated by nephrotic syndromes?

Answer 24

RAS

Question 25

Glomerular inflammatory injury may also impair glomerular flow and filtration which will result in which 3 things

Answer 25

renal insufficiency, fluid retention and hypertension

Question 26

how is Acute Post-Streptococcal GMN caused

Answer 26

after strept infection glomerular localization of immune complexes generated by an antibody response to circulating antigens. The antigen-antibody complexes are trapped in the GBM in the GBM where they activate Complement calling inflammatory cells into the glomeruli

Question 27

hypercellularity of the glomerulus in Acute Post-Streptococcal GMN is due to what?

Answer 27

The inflammatory mediators attract and activate neutrophils and monocytes, stimulating the proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells

Question 28

Rapidly Progressive (Cresentic) GMN usually occurs with which condition

Answer 28

Goodpastures syndrome

Question 29

Minimal Change Disease causes what of the visceral foot process

Answer 29

fusion, negative charge is lost

Question 30

which nephrotic syndrome causes a more selective proteinuria

Answer 30

Minimal Change (Nils) Disease

Question 31

treatment for Minimal Change (Nils) Disease

Answer 31

corticosteroid therapy

Question 32

which syndrome causes thickening of the glomerular basement membrane secondary to massive deposition of immune complexes

Answer 32

Membranous Glomerupnephritis

Question 33

there are no ____ in urine of Membranous Glomerupnephritis

Answer 33

RBS

Question 34

which 2 organs does good pastures syndrome effect

Answer 34

lungs and kidneys

Question 35

what might patients with Goodpastures Syndrome present with

Answer 35

hemoptysis (due to intraalveolar hemorrhage), hematuria (RBC through BM rupture), and anuria (lack of flow though capillary loops)

Question 36

antibodies cause what process in the glomeruli with Goodpastures Syndrome

Answer 36

rupture, making them unable to act as a barrier allowing macrophages to exit and accumulate forming crescents in the capillary loops

Question 37

why is anuria seen in good pastures

Answer 37

no blood flows through the compressed capillary loops, glomerular filtration ceases and anuria ensues