Renal & Lower Urinary Tract Disease Flashcards
(18 cards)
Lower Urinary Tract Disease (LUTD)
1. Causative or not
2. Clinical signs (3)
3. Causes (8)
- Sometimes causative
- Signs
- Straining to urinate
- Freq urination
- Blood in urine - Causes
- Idiopathic cystitis
- Uroliths (sometimes)
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Breed
- Gender
- Urine pH
- Minerals in urine
Feline LUTD causes (4-5)
Non-“blocked” cats
- Feline idiopathic cystitis
- 64% - Urolithiasis
- 14% - Anatomic defects
- 11% - Infection (bacterial, viral)
- <1% - Other
- <10%
Idiopathic Cystitis of Cats
1. Antibiotic & diet recommendations
2. Treatment (3)
- Antibiotics are not indicated
- Diet change for crystal management not indicated. - Treatment
- Decrease inflammation
- Decrease stress
- Diet: L-tryptophan, a-Casozepine
What are each made up of:
1. Struvite (3)
2. Calcium oxalate (2)
- Struvite “MAP”
- Magnesium
- Ammonium
- Phosphate - Calcium oxalate
- Calcium
- Oxalate
- Struvite (4)
- Ca Ox (6)
Commonly found in…
- Struvite
- Younger cat
- Obese
- Neutered
- Alkaline urine pH - Ca Ox
- Older cat
- Obese
- Neutered
- Acidic urine pH
- Male
- Breed: Persian, Burmese, Himalayan
Canine Cystitis
1. Commonly associated with…
2. Causes (3)
- Infection (unlike cats)
- Causes
- Struvite uroliths due to infection
- Urethral incompetence (female)
- UTI uncommon in males. Look for prostate disease or neoplasia
Canine Uroliths associated with…
1. Struvite
2. Ca Ox
- Infection
- Breed predisposition
Urolith therapy goals (3)
Hint: Be sure to elaborate on “prevention” (4)
- Identify urolith type
- Dissolve uroliths (struvite only) or Remove
- Prevent recurrence
- Tx infection if present
- Target appropriate pH
- Target appropriate precursors (diet)
- Increase water intake and promote diluted urine!
Key Nutritional Factors for Struvite Therapy (3)
Dissolve
1. Low magnesium
2. Low phosphorus
3. Acid urine pH 5.9-6.1
Key Nutritional Factors Calcium Oxalate (4)
- Low sodium
- Controlled magnesium
- Low phosphorus
- Alkaline urine
- K9: 7.1-7.7
- Feline: 6.6-6.8
Uroliths
1. Therapy / KNF (5)
2. Prevention (5)
- Therapy / KNF
- Low protein
- Low nucleic acid
- Low Ca & P
- Low sodium
- Target pH 7.1-7.7 - Prevention
- Target inflamm mediators (antioxidants, vita E & beta carotene) (anti-inflammatory, omega 3).
- Increase water intake & urine vol
- Canned food
- Cold or running water
- Clean litter pan
Most cat cystitis is not related to ___ or ___. Uroliths are caused by concentrated ___ in specific urine __ environments.
___ urine will decrease the risk of urolith (calculi) formation of all types in all species.
- Crystals or Uroliths
- Minerals
- pH
- Dilute
Struvite crystals in the dog are specifically an indicator of underlying ___ ___ ___.
Understanding the ___ of the calculi is key to devising a medical therapy or prevention plan.
Only ___ uroliths can be dissolved with diet management.
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Composition
- Struvite
Urolith Prevention: Target… (5)
- Antioxidants - inflammatory mediator
- Vita E & Beta carotene - Anti-inflammatory - inflammatory mediator
- Omega 3 fatty acids - Precursors
- Minerals
- Protein
Urate and Cystine - Canine
KNF & Prevention (5)
- Very low protein
- Very low Ca & P
- Low sodium
- Target pH 7.1-7.7
What is kidney disease? (2)
- Kidneys unable to excrete adequate urea and other substances which accumulate as internal POISON!
- Kidneys unable to perform other metabolic functions :(
Goals of kidney disease (3)
- Slow or reverse underlying cause
- Reduce work of the kidneys
- Reduce clinical signs
Kidney disease KNF (4)
- Reduced protein quantity to reduce amount of urea that must be excreted.
- Increased quality of protein for same reason
- Controlled levels of phosphorus and high omega 3 to slow progression
- Increased non-protein calories to maintain weight
