repro 5 & 6

Question 1

climax in males

Answer 1

emmission (smypathetic): movemnet of sperm out of the vas deferens and into the urethera where it is mixed with secretions to make semen

ejaculation (somatic)(voluntary): expulsion of semen

Question 2

sexual dysfunction in males

Answer 2

ED (impotence): cant get an erection

causes: diabetes, damage to tissues, cardiovascular disease, neuro dissorders, drugs

solutions: viagra. which is silenafil and PDE5 inhibitors which makes sure cGMP remains high

Question 3

sexual dysfunction in females

Answer 3

low libido (sexual drive)

solutions: Flibanserin helps restore prefrontal cortex control over the brains motivation/reward pathays that enable sexual desire

solutions: Bremelanotide, a sythetic hormone that acts in the hypothalamus where it targets the melanocortin receptor

solutions: androgen therapy (unknown and side-effects)

Question 4

contraceptives

Answer 4

1. abstinence: avoiding all together
2. sterilization: tubal ligation and vasectomy
3. intervention: condoms and hormonal treatments

Question 5

streilization

Answer 5

females:
-cutting tubes
-tied tubes
-banded (folded)

males:
-vasectomy (cutting vas deferens)

Question 6

hormonal treatments

Answer 6

tries to prevent follicular deveolpment

all use progestines which inhibis GnHS nesseceary to begin the follical stage

Question 7

infertility

Answer 7

the inability to conceive a child

males: sperm count

females:
-damage to fallopian tubes
-ovulation disorders
-endometriosis
-cervical disorders (shape cant carry baby)

Question 8

in-vitro fertilization

Answer 8

under 35: over 50% successful

woman is given hormons to make as many mature follicles as possilbe, then they take them and expose them to sperm in-vitro and are incubated

Question 9

artifician insemenation

Answer 9

injecting into the uterus when male partener has a low sperm count

Question 10

Fertilization, pergancy and parturation

Answer 10

fertization requires capacitation: the surface of sperm sheds

there is also a wall around the egg that the sperm need to get through. Its called the Corona Radiata. There is another one called the pellucida layer. The acrosome on the head of the sperm lets it in

the pellucida layer hardens once 1 sperm comes in contact

Question 11

corical reaction

Answer 11

occurs after sperm enter and causes the realease of cortical granules wich hardens the egg and doesnt let other sperm in

Question 12

acrosomal reaction

Answer 12

when head of sperm releases enzymes to break though corona radiata and pellucida layer

Question 13

capacitaion

Answer 13

shedding of proteins from the head of the sperm to increase motlity