GONADS
organs where gametes/sex cells are produced. (testes/ovaries)
GAMETES
sex cells (spermatozoa, oocytes)
where is the pelvis ansd what is it it made from?
bony basin between trunk and lower limbs.
- hip bones, pubis, ischium
- pelvic inlet (larger) always open
- pelvic outlet (smaller) closed by muscles
what is the differencde between the pelvic inlet and outlet?
- pelvic inlet (larger) always open
- pelvic outlet (smaller) closed by muscles
what are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?
- false/greater pelvis - gi tract, superior region, above pelvic inlet.
- true/lesser pelvis - inferior region, between inlet and outlet, contains internal repro organs
what does the false pelvis contain and what does the pelvis contain?
false/greater - gi tract
lesser/true - internal repro organs
what are the differences between male and female pelvics?
female - broaders angle, oval inlet, straighter coccyx.
male - narrow angle, heart shaped inlet, curved coccyx.
wsi the pelvic floor?
- closes over pelvic outlet
- 2 muscles (levator ani, coccygeus)
- opeinging in floor incl urethra, anal canal, vagina
what are the two triangles in the perineum?
the urogenital - external genitalia/urethra
the anal - anus
what is the path of sperrm?
testes - through epididymis - into vas deferens - which goes through the pelvic cabity, widens into amupulla, then into ejactulatory duct, then into the urethra.
what does the scotum contain?
2 testes
2 epididymis
2 spermatic cords, which contains the start of the vas deferens, blood supply, nerves.
TESTES:
produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
lie in scrotum outside body
surrounded by dense fibrous capsule (tunica albuginea)
in lobules are seminferous tubules when spermatogenesis takes place.
where does spermatogenesis take place?
in the seminferous tubules in the lobules of the testes in the scrotum.
describe how the seminferous tubules lead to the vas deferens:
the lobules contains the tubules join to form rete testes, which join to form vas deferens leading to epididymis.
who many lobules are in each teste?
250
what produces testosterone?
interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells.
what produces inhibin?
nurse/sertili cells
as sperm cells mature they move:
closer to the lumen where they are eventually released.
what is the epididymus and what happens there?
- head/body/tail
- sperm enters from the seminferous tubules and exits via the vas deferens
- site of sperm maturation
what is the ductus deferens?
- continues from the epididymus, starts in spermatic cord
- covered in smooth muscle
- runs behind the urinary bladder
- dilates to form ampulla
what is the ejaculatory duct?
fromed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of thr vas deferens.
- opens in the prostatic urethra.
what are the three sections of the male urethra?
- prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy
how does the epithelium change down the male urethra?
transitional, columnar, stratified squamous.
what are the 2 sphincters in the male urethra?
external - skeletal muscle, voluntary control of urination
internal - detrusa muscle. closes bladdder ensuring sperm is ejaculated through the urethra. retrograde ejaculation is stopped by this sphincter so that sperm doesnt end up in the bladder.
