respiration and gas exchange Flashcards
(15 cards)
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
what is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in fungi and plants
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose -> lactic acid
how is smoking harmful to the body
Carcinogens such as tar alter the DNA and increase the risk of cancer, such as lung or bladder cancer.
tobacco contains carbon monoxide, which binds irreversibly to haemoglobin, and reducing the amount of oxygen transported by the blood
tobacco will destroy cilia
mucus builds up, and can cause smokers cough and bronchitis.
can cause emphysema - destroys alveoli
what happens during inhalation
diaphragm contracts, moving down
intercostal muscles contract
ribcage moves up and out
volume of thorax increases, air pressure less than atmospheric
air moves into the lungs
what happens during exhalation
diaphragm relaxes, moving up and doming
intercostal muscles relax
ribcage moves down and in
volume of thorax decreases, air pressure more than atmospheric
air moves out of the lungs
how is the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
lots of alveoli- large surface area that increases diffusion rate
each alveolus is surrounded by many capilliaries- high concentration gradient
one cell thick- for short diffusion distance
what colour is hydrogen carbonate indicator with inhaled air
red- normal carbon dioxide levels
what colour is hydrogen carbonate indicator with exhaled air
yellow- increased carbon dioxide levels
explain why the rate of respiration in the yeast will change as the temperature is increased
-the particles have more kinetic energy
-collide more frequently
-until optimum temp
-then active site changes shape
-enzyme denatures
explain why a mouse uses more oxygen per gram than a human
-mouse is smaller-less body mass
-larger surface area-volume ratio
-high heat loss
-maintain body temp
-more respiration
a student compares the respiration of male and female locusts. he uses the same age and same species. explain three other variables he needs to control
-size/mass of locusts
-affects respiration
-temperature
-affects enzymes-increase kinetic energy
-time
-more time to respire
explain how the spongy mesophyll is adapted for photosynthesis
-lots of air space
-for diffusion
-carbon dioxide moves into it
explain how the palisade mesophyll and the spongy mesophyll are adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange
palisade mesophyll
-tightly packed together
-vertical
-absorb light
spongy mesophyll
-air spaces for gas exchange
-diffusion of co2 and o2
