the heart

Question 1

Aorta

Answer 1

Main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 2

Vena cava

Answer 2

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 3

Right atrium

Answer 3

Upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

Question 4

Left atrium

Answer 4

Upper left chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Question 5

Right ventricle

Answer 5

Lower right chamber of the heart that receives blood from the right atrium and forces it into the pulmonary artery

Question 6

Left ventricle

Answer 6

Lower left chamber of the heart that receives blood from the left atrium and contracts to force it into the aorta

Question 7

Atrioventricular valve

Answer 7

Controls the passage of blood from an atrium to a ventricle e.g. the bicuspid and tricuspid valves of the human heart

Question 8

septum

Answer 8

Wall of tissue that separates the left and right side of the heart- stops the mixing of oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood

Question 9

Medulla

Answer 9

Part of the brain that helps control heart rate

Question 10

Coronary heart disease

Answer 10

a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart

Question 11

what is the function of valves

Answer 11

to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 12

what valve goes into the right ventricle

Answer 12

the tricuspid valve

Question 13

what valve goes into the left ventricle

Answer 13

the bicuspid valve

Question 14

what are the valves that are in the two arteries out the top of the heart

Answer 14

the semilunar valves

Question 15

why does heart rate increase during excercise

Answer 15

-due to increased oxygen demand of the muscles
-the muscles need to respire more to release more energy for contraction
-heart rate increases to pump blood faster
-delivering more oxygen and glucose to muscles and removing carbon dioxide more efficiently

Question 16

what is coronary heart disease and what causes it

Answer 16

-coronary heart disease is caused by the build up of fatty deposits (mainly cholesterol) in the coronary arteries, forming plaques
-narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, artery wall less elastic
-decreasing oxygen supply
-can lead to a heart attack if the artery becomes completely blocked

Question 17

what are risk factors for coronary heart disease

Answer 17

• poor diet- saturated fats increase cholesterol, more plaques
  -stress- increase blood pressure- more chance of blockage
• smoking- nicotine increases blood pressure
  -genetics, age

Question 18

treatment for coronary heart disease- one non surgical two surgical

Answer 18

-aspirin taken to reduce risk of blood clots
-angioplasty- stent is inserted into the artery which pushes against the wall and keeps the blockage clear
-coronary bypass surgery- piece of blood vessel used to create a new passage for the flow of blood

Question 19

give 5 differences and explain between arteries and veins

Answer 19

-arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins to
-arteries are high pressure, veins are low
-arteries thick, muscular, elastic walls- pump blood fast, withstand high pressure
-arteries have a thin lumen, veins have a wide lumen
-veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood due to lower pressure
-speed of arteries is fast, veins are slow

Question 20

which artery goes to the liver

Answer 20

hepatic artery

Question 21

which vein goes from the liver

Answer 21

hepatic vein

Question 22

which vein goes from the gut/stomach to the liver

Answer 22

hepatic portal vein

Question 23

which artery goes to the kidneys

Answer 23

renal artery

Question 24

which vein goes from the kidneys

Answer 24

renal vein

Question 25

how is a red blood cell adapted to its function

Answer 25

-Biconcave shape – increases surface area for diffusion of oxygen -No nucleus – allows more space for haemoglobin -Contains haemoglobin – binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin -Small and flexible – can squeeze through narrow capillaries

Question 26

which blood vessel has a low carbon dioxide concentration, a high oxygen concentration and a low blood pressure

Answer 26

pulmonary vein

Question 27

name three things found in the blood plasma of a human

Answer 27

Glucose – for respiration Amino acids – for protein synthesis Carbon dioxide – waste product from respiration -others- hormones, urea, and antibodies