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Human Anatomy > Respiratory and Digestive Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory and Digestive Systems Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

nostrils

A

external nares

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2
Q

the internal region of the nose lined with ciliated mucus-secreting cells

A

nasal cavity

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3
Q

partition between nasal cavities; compsed of the ethmoid bone, perpendicualr plate, the vomer, and catailadge

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

ethmoid bones lined with mucosa, specialized to filter, warm, and moisten inspired air

A

turbinate bones

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5
Q

grooves between conchae for causing turbulence of incoming air

A

meatus

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6
Q

funnel-like passageway between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

A

choanae (internal nares)

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7
Q

region that joins the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus

A

pharynx

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8
Q

upper portion of the pharynx that begins at the choanae and ends at the hard palate

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

lymaphatic tissue knnow as adenoids located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil

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10
Q

part of the pharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the uvula and ends at the level of the hyoid bone

A

oropharynx

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11
Q

posterior portion of the roof of the mouth lacking bone

A

soft palate

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12
Q

posterior extension extension of the soft palate, elevates during swalloing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

A

uvula

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13
Q

paired lymph nodes postitioned in the back of the throat

A

palatine tonsils

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14
Q

located posteriorly on the surface of the tounge

A

lingual tonsils

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15
Q

most inferior portion of the pharynx that continues from the level of the hyiod bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, posterior to the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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16
Q

contiues with the trachea inferiorly, prevents food from entering the lungs, also produces sound

A

larynx

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17
Q

largest and most anterior cartilage of larynx, does not wrap around the trachea, only the anterior aspect.

A

thyroid cartilage

(adams apple)

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18
Q

extends around the entire trachea, is small anteriorly and large posteriorly, connects thyroid cartilage to trachea inferiory

A

cricoid cartilage

(Mullet Cartlilage

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19
Q

cartilage located superior to cricoid and posterior to thyroid cartlilages, for attachment of vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilage

(pinchers)

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20
Q

closes glottis upon swallowing to prevent food from entering respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

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21
Q

structure of the larynx composed of the vocal folds and space between them

A

glottis

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22
Q

pair of mucosal folds extending across upper opening of larynx from thyroid to arytenoid cartilages, vibrate to produce sound

A

vocal folds

(true vocal cords)

truth is deep

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23
Q

pair of horizontal mucosal folds superior to vocal folds; play no part in sound production

A

vestibular folds

(false vocal cords)

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24
Q

a large tube descending from the larynx, lined with ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelim, contaning several cartilagenous rings

A

trachea

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25
internal ridge formed by last tracheal cartilage marking the division of trachea into bronchi; associated with the cough reflex
carina
26
series of branches that gradually get smaller from the trachea to the aveolar ducts
bronchial tree
27
first branch after the tracheal bifurcation
primary bronchi
28
second division, 3 on the right, 2 on the left; for each lobe of the lungs
secondary bronchi
29
third division; there may be up to 20 more divisions before reaching the bronchioles
tertiary bronchi
30
consists of superior, middle, and inferior lobes
right lung
31
consists of superior and inferior lobes
left lung
32
depression on the left lung's medial border that accomadates the heart
cardiac notch
33
serous membrane intimatly associated with the outer surface of the lung
viseral pleura
34
serous membrane that lines the thoracic wall, the mediastium and the superior portion of the diaphragm
parietal pleura
35
moistened slit-like space between visceral and parietal pleurea, reduces friction, prevents adhesion
pleural cavity
36
dome-shaped muscle superior to the liver, moves inferiorly when contracted thereby increasing the thoracic volume for inspiration
diaphragm
37
paired nerve that innervates the diaphragm on each side to control rate of breathing
phrenic nerve
38
contraction elevates the ribs, increasing the capacity during insperation
external intercostal muscles
39
aid in insperation and also forced expiration
internal intercostal muscles
40
the mouth; mucosa-lined enterance to the digestive tract consisting of the following; cheeks, hard palate, platal rugae, labia, labila frenulum, oral vestibule.
oral cavity
41
lined with statified squamous epthetium contain the buccinator muscle
cheeks
42
the anterior superior portion of the oral cavity comprised of the platine process of the maxilla bone, and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
hard palate
43
irregular surface of the anterior hard palate
palatal rugae
44
lips, red fleshy area at the enterance of the to the mouth
labia
45
a mucous membrane that attaches the lips to the gum both superiorly and inferiorly
labial frenulum
46
the space between the lips or cheeks and the gums
oral vestibule
47
full set consists of 32 indvidualized structures
teeth
48
4 upper, 4 lower anterior teeth eaching having a single root, cutters
incisors
49
2 upper, 2 lower teeth each having a single root, used to pierce and tear food
canines
50
4 upper and 4 lower bicuspids each with roots, used for grinding food
premolars (bicuspids)
51
6 upper and 6 lower teeth, the last of which are called wisdom teeth, two to three roots, and four or five cusps, best teeth for grinding
molars
52
irregular chewing surface on molars and premolars that fit into valleys of the opposite molars for crushing food
cusp
53
anchors the tooth by embedding in the alveoli of the mandible
root
54
sockets lined with connective tissue in which teeth are fastened
aveoli
55
the hardest substance found in the body, located on the outermost portion of the tooth
enamel
56
layer beneath the enamel of a tooth. comprises most of the mass of the tooth, between bone and enamel in terms of hardness
dentin
57
innermost portion of the tooth that contains blood vessles and nerves
pulp
58
gums, surrounds the alveolar processes, continous with peridontal ligament, anchors the tooth in the socket
gingiva
59
tubuloarveolar stuctures which secrete saliva for digesting starches and lubrication oropharynx with mucus to enhance swallowing
salivary glands
60
largest of these glands, located inferior and anterior to the external ear beneath the skin, becomes swollen following infestation with mumps virus
parotoid salivary glands (sounds like parrot and it sits on your shoulder)
61
this gland lies inferomedial to the body of the madible
submandibular salivary gland
62
lies inferior to the tounge and anterior to the submandibular gland
sublingual salivary gland
63
serous membrane covering the organs of the abdominal cavity, largest serous membrane in the body
visceral peritoneum
64
serous membrane that lines the abdomial and pelvic cavities
parietal peritoneum
65
the space bewteen the visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes
peritoneal cavity
66
the fan shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall
mesentary proper
67
extends from the inferior surface of the liver and attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach where it then runs continous with the stomachs visceral peritoneum
lesser omentum
68
mesentary which anchors the greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall, drapes over most of the abdominal organs
greater omentum
69
upper portion of the GI and respiratory tracts where food enters the esophagus
pharynx
70
a collapsed tube (when empty) located posterior to the trachea, emties into the stomach
esophagus
71
circualar muscle at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach
cardiac sphincter
72
the most distended part of the GI tract; stores food and converts it to chyme which is emptied into the small intestine
stomach
73
region of the stomach attached to the esophagus
cardiac region
74
the most superior portion of the stomach, touches the diaphragm
fundus
75
the major portion of the stomach, inferior to the fundus
body
76
the left convex margin of the stomach
greater curvature
77
the right concave margin of the stomach
lesser curvature
78
viasable folds on the inner stomach which allows the walls to streTCH
gastric rugae
79
the teminal portion of the stomach, leads to the duodenum.
pyloric region
80
a citcular muscle the controls transport of chyme from the stomach the the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
81
longest part of the GI tract, located between the pyloric sphincter and the ilieocecal valve of the large intestine, responsible for digestions and absorbtion of food
small intestine
82
macroscopic folds in the small intestine which increase surface area to enhance nutrient absorbion
plicae circulares (ballarinas do pleas and they do them in a circular motion)
83
the c-shaped superior portion of the small intestine that recives bile from gallbladder and digestive enzymes from pancreas; 12 inches
duodenum (when pinned, they will always pin it so that you can see the pyloric sphincter
84
the middle portion of the small intestine characterized by a relitively larger lumen and increased number of plicae circulares; 8 feet
jejunm (when pinned, wont be able to see the pyloric sphincter or the cecal spincter)
85
terminal portion of the small intestine, contain numerous lymphatics in the walls; 12 feet
ileum (when pinned, will be able to see the cecal sphincer)
86
a sphincter located on the terminal end of the ileum that prohibits backflow of chyme into the small intestine
ileocecal valve
87
from ileocecal valve to the anal canal, this part of the GI tract absorbs water and elctrolytes from the chyme and forms and expels feces
large intestine
88
an enlargement of the large intestine on the right lower abdomen near the iliocecal valve
cecum
89
a worm-like appendage on the cecum that countains lymphatic tissure
appendix
90
a shiny band of longitudinal muscle along the entire length of the large intestine for movement of feces
teniae coli | (tenga poop)
91
bulges in the wall of the large intestine cause by contractions of teniae coli
haustra | (house of poop)
92
fat accumulations on visceral peritoneum of large intestine
epiploic appendages
93
portion of the colon along the right side of the abdomen from the secum to the level of the kidney
ascending colon
94
curvature of the colon of the right side of the abdomen near the liver
hepatic flexure
95
middle portion of the colon where it crosses the upper abdominal cavity
transverse colon
96
opposite the hepatic flexure, the left curvature of the colon near the speen
splenic flexure
97
the portion of the colon which descends on the left side of the abdominal wall
descending colon
98
the s-shaped bend at the terminal end of the colon
sigmoid colon
99
terminal inch of the large intestine following the rectum
anal canal
100
located within the walls of the anal canal, involuntary smooth muscle
internal anal sphincter
101
located outside the anal canal, composed of voluntary skelatal muscle
external anal sphincter
102
external opening of the anal canal
anus
103
6 inch portion of the GI tract following the sigmoid colon, strong muscular contractions expel the feces
rectum
104
a large organ located in the upper abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm, stores glycogen, detoxifies the blood and synthasizes bile
liver
105
the largest lobe and the right side
right lobe
106
intermediate size, on the left side
left lobe
107
small lobe of the liver, part of the right lobe, located next to the gallbladder
quadrate lobe | (square)
108
small lobe on the lover, part of the left lobe, located next to the gallbladder
caudate lobe | (tail)
109
a ligament that seperates the left anf right lobes of the liver and connects the liver to the diaphragm
falciform ligament
110
collects bile from the right side of the liver
right hepatic duct
111
collects bile from left side of liver
left hepatic duct
112
formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts; the duct through which bile from the liver moves to the cystic and common bile ducts
common hepatic duct
113
a muscular sac attached to the inferior aspect of the liver, stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
gallbladder
114
a passage for bile from the gallbladder, meets with common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
cystic duct
115
the duct formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct, conveys bile to the duodenum
common bile duct
116
lobulated organ the lies horizontal and inferior to the stomach; secretes digestive enzymes; insulin and glucagon
pancreas

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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