Respiratory (REVIEW TEST)

Question 1

Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measure by spirometry?

• A. FRC
• B. Physologic Dead space
• C. RV
• D. TLC
• E. VC

Answer 1

Vital capacity

Question 2

An infant born prematurely in gestatinal week 25 has neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. what is expected in this patient

Answer 2

Collapse of the small alveoli

Question 3

In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasonconstriction

Answer 3

Pulmonary

Question 4

A 12 y/o boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheeing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. his arterial PO2 is 60 mmHg and PCO2 is 30 mmHg

Which of the following is true about the patient

Answer 4

His arterial PCO2 is lower than normal because hypoxemia is causing him to hyperventilate

Question 5

A 12 y/o boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheeing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. his arterial PO2 is 60 mmHg and PCO2 is 30 mmHg

to treat this aptient, thy physician should administer

Answer 5

a B2 agonist

Question 6

True during inspiration

Answer 6

Intrapleural pressure is more negative that it is during expiration

Question 7

Which volume remains constant inthe lungs after a tidal volume is expired

Answer 7

Functional resudual capacity

Question 8

35 y/o man has a vital capacity of 5 L, a tidal volume of 0.5 L an IC of 3.5 L and a functional residual capacity of 2.5 L. what is his ERV

Answer 8

1.5 L

ERV = VC - IC

IC includes VT and IRV

Question 9

Whe a person is standing, blood flow in the lungs

Answer 9

highest at the base because that is where the difference between aarterial and venous pressure is greatest

Question 10

Which of the ff is illustrated in the graph showing volume versus pressure in the lung-chest wall systems?

Answer 10

When airway pressure is zero (atmospheric),, the volume of the combined system is the functional residual capacity

Question 11

Which of the following is the siteof highest airway resistance?

Answer 11

Medium sized bronchi

Question 12

A 49 y/o man has a pulmonary embolis, that completely blcokeds blood flow to his left lug. as a result….___

Answer 12

Alveolar PO2 in theleft lung will be approximatel equal to the PO2 in inspired air

Question 13

in the HODC shown the shift from curve A to curve B could be cause by

Answer 13

Strenuous exercise

Question 14

The shift from curve A to B is associated with

Answer 14

Increased P50

Question 15

Which volume remains constant in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Answer 15

Residual volume

Question 16

Compared with the sytemic circulation, the pulmonary cirulation has a

Answer 16

Lower resistance

Question 17

a healthy 65 y/o man with VT of 0.45L has a breathing frequency of 16. his arterial PCO2 is 41 mmHg and the PCO2 of his expired air is 35 mmHg. What is his alveolar ventilation?

Answer 17

6.14 L/min

Alveolar ventialtion is the difference between tidal volume and dead space multiplied by breathing frequency

Dead space is Vt multiplied by the differencce between arterial PCO2 and expired PCO2 divided by arterial PCO2

• Deadspace = 0.45 x (41-35/41) = 0.066 L
• Alveolar ventilation = 0.45 L - 0.066 L x 16

Question 18

Compared with the apex of the lng, the base of the lung has

Answer 18

a higher pulmonary capillary PCO2

Question 19

Hypoxemia produces hyperventialtion by a direct effect on the

Answer 19

carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors

Question 20

Which of the ff changes occurs during strenuous excercise?

Answer 20

Ventilation rate and oxygen consumption increase to the same extent

Question 21

If an area of the lung is not ventilated becaues of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a PO2 that is

Answer 21

equal to mixed venous O2

Question 22

In transprt of CO2 from th tissues to the lungs which of the following occurs in venous blood?

Answer 22

Conversion of CO2 and H2O to H+ and HCO3 in the red blood cells

Question 23

Which of the ff causes hypoxia is characterized by a decreased arterial PO2 and an increased A-a gradient

Answer 23

Right to left cardiac shunt

Question 24

A 42y/o woman with severe pulmonary fibrosis is evaluated by her physician and has the following arterial blood gases:

• pH = 7.48
• PaO2 = 55
• PaCO2 = 32

Answer 24

The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing bia peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 25

A 38 year old woman moves with her family from New York City (sea level) to leadville colorado (10, 200 feet above sea level0). which of the following will occur as a result of residing at high altitude

Answer 25

Shift to the right of the hemoglobin-Oxygen dissociation curve

Question 26

The pH of venous blood is only slightly more acidic than the pH of arterial blood because

Answer 26

The H+ generated from CO2 and H20 is buffered by deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood

Question 27

In maximal expiration, the total volume expired

Answer 27

Vital capacity

Question 28

A person with a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defec has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental Oxygen. The supplemental oxygen will be most helpful if the person’s predominant V/Q defecct is

Answer 28

low V/Q

Question 29

Answer 29

Person with pulmonary fibrosis

Question 30

Answer 30

C