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respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

• Pulmonary Ventilation
• External Respiration
• Internal Respiration
• Gas Transport

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2
Q

moving in and out of air. Also called as breathing.

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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3
Q

Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood vessels > RBC.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels to the lungs

A

external respiration

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4
Q

Oxygen diffuses from blood vessels > RBC to tissues. Carbon
dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood vessles.

A

internal respiration

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5
Q

which is the movement of gases between
atmospheric air in the lungs and the blood

A

external respiration

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6
Q

which is the movement
of gases between the blood and the body
’s cells

A

internal respiration

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide and O2 travel in the blood to and from cells

A

gas transport

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8
Q

gas transportation of oxygen

A

Lungs – Blood Vessels – Tissues

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9
Q

gas transportation of carbon dioxide

A

Tissues – Blood Vessels– Lungs

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10
Q

The respiratory system can alter blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels.

A

Regulation of blood pH

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11
Q

Air moving past the vocal folds makes sound and speech possible

A

voice production

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12
Q

The sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are drawn into the nasal cavity

A

olfaction

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13
Q

The respiratory system provides protection against some microorganisms by preventing
them from entering the body and removing them from respiratory surfaces.

A

protection

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14
Q

Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage.

A

nose

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15
Q

FUNCTIONS of nose
1. provides an airway for respiration
2. moistens and warms entering air
3. filters and cleans inspired air
4. serves as a resonating chamber for speech
5. houses the olfactory (smell) receptors

A
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16
Q

Parts of the External Nose, area between the eyebrows

A

Root

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17
Q

central/anteromedial portion

A

bridge and dorsum nasi

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18
Q

tip of the nose

A

apex

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19
Q

opening of the nose

A

nares

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20
Q

lateral portion of the nares

A

alae

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21
Q

Nose vary in size and shape primarily because of the differences in

A

nasal cartilage

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22
Q

The nose is mostly oily because it is studded with____ which produces ____

A

sebaceous gland, sebum

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23
Q

Parts of the Internal Nose

A

nasal septum, conchae/turbinates

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24
Q

separates the nasal cavity from right to left

A

Nasal Septum

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25
ridges of the nasal cavity which function to filter, warm and moisture air.
Conchae/Turbinates
26
lighten the skull, act as a resonating chamber and made up of cilia to sweep away mucus out of the sinus
Paranasal Sinuses
27
Common passageway of both respiratory and digestive systems. Approximately 13cm in length extending from the base of the skull to the sixth vertebrae. Also known as “throat”
pharynx
28
pharynx is approximately ____ in length
13 cm
29
opening of the pharynx
choane
30
pharynx divided into three
–Nasopharynx –Oropharynx –Laryngopharynx
31
-Extends from choanae to uvula.
Nasopharynx
32
air passageway only
nasopharynx
33
prevents swallowed materials from entering the nasopharynx and nasal cavity. It pushes food and other materials toward the back of the pharynx.
soft palate and uvula
34
Extends from uvula to epiglottis to oral cavity
Oropharynx
35
-Extends from epiglottis to esophagus
LARYNGOPHARYNX
36
food and air passageway
oropharynx, laryngopharynx
37
action potential that will cause the uvula and soft palate to move inferiorly to open the airway
sneeze reflex
38
Photic Sneeze Reflex
also known as Autosomal-Dominant Compelling Helio Ophthalmic Outburst
39
•Located in the anterior throat and it connects superiorly to the pharynx and inferiorly to the trachea
larynx
40
Approximately ___ cm extending from the 3rd cervical to the 6th cervical vertebrae.
5
41
larynx has __ cartilage
9
42
also known as voicebox
larynx
43
unpaired cartilages of larynx
Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis
44
paired cartilage of larynx
arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and cuneiform cartilages
45
o Largest and is attached to the hyoid bone o Adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
46
Inferior to the thyroid Forms the base of the larynx
Cricoid Cartilage
47
constructed of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage
epiglottis
48
Prevents food from entering the larynx.
epiglottis
49
Vestibular Folds also known as
False Vocal Cords
50
o No role in sound production
Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)
51
When 2 false vocal cords come together, they prevent air from leaving the lungs. (Hold breath)
Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)
52
o Medial pair o Glottis: opening o Function to produce sound o When talking, true vocal cords come together and produce vibration (sound)
vocal folds
53
Longer and Thicker Larynx
Slower Vibration – Deeper Voice/Low Pitch
54
Shorter and Thinner Larynx
Faster Vibration – Higher Pitch
55
Descends from the larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum. Consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle
trachea
56
Located anterior to the esophagus and spine
trachea
57
•Consists of connective tissue Has cartilage rings to help protect and support trachea from collapsing despite of the pressure changes inside.
trachea (anterior)
58
Smooth Muscle/Trachealis (located posteriorly)
for flexibility
59
trachea has Has ____ C-shaped cartilages
16-20
60
The trachea is lined with pseudostratified columnar which is made up of cilia and goblet cells (produces mucus). The_____ sweeps away the mucus produced by the goblet cells out of the trachea.
cilia
61
constant irritation of the trachea due to smoking, dust inhalation and the like, pseudostratified columnar can be replaced by _____ which is not ciliated.
squamous epithelium
62
The end of the trachea (tracheal bifurcation) is called as
carina
63
•The trachea divides into the left and right bronchi, each of which connects to a lung.
bronchi
64
bronchi The ___ is more horizontal because it is crowded by heart
left
65
bronchi, The __ is wider, shorter and vertical.
right
66
The trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called
main bronchi, or primary bronchi
67
arise directly from the main bronchi. In the lobar bronchi, the C-shaped cartilage rings are replaced with cartilage plates
Secondary Bronchi (Lobar bronchi)
68
In the left lung, there are ___ lobar bronchi.
2
69
right lung, there are ___ lobar bronchi.
3
70
supply subdivisions within each lung lobe, which are called bronchopulmonary segments. As the bronchi become smaller, the cartilage becomes sparse, and smooth muscle becomes more abundant
segmental bronchi, or tertiary bronchi,
71
result from continued branching of the segmental bronchi. Bronchioles are less than 1 mm in diameter and have less cartilage and more smooth muscle
bronchioles
72
•Principal organs of respiration
lungs
73
lung, resting on the diaphragm
base
74
lungs, extending superiorly to a point about 2.5 cm above the clavicle
apex
75
tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size
lung recoil
76
important to reduce surface tension. Too much surface tension can lead to lung collapse.
Surfactant
77
Each lung is surrounded by a separate pleural cavity. Each pleural cavity is line with a serous membrane called pleura
78
lines chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm.
Parietal Pleura
79
lines the surface of the lungs
Visceral pleura
80
produced by the pleural membranes that functions to act as a lubricant and to help hold the pleural membrane together.
Pleural fluid
81
the site of gas exchange
alveoli
82
Process of measuring volumes of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract.
SPIROMETRY
83
gas exchange, inhalation (atmospheric air) - PO2 (_____) - PCO2 (_____)
160mm Hg, 0.3mm Hg
84
gas exchange, alveolar air - PO2 (_____), PCO2 (______)
104mm Hg, 40mm Hg

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