urinary Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Urinary system consists pf the following:
A
kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder
2
Q
bean shaped organs,
each about the size of a
tightly clenched fist.
A
kidneys
3
Q
the size of kidneys
A
11 cm long
4
Q
- Retroperitoneal
- Extends from ____
A
T12-L3
5
Q
A layer of connective tissue called the
____ surrounds each kidney
A
renal capsule
6
Q
where renal artery and nerves enter and
renal vein, ureter and lymph vessels exit the kidney.
A
renal hilum
7
Q
renal hilum is in what side of the kidney
A
medial side
8
Q
The right kidney is___ than the left because it is crowded by the
right lobe of the liver.
A
lower
9
Q
RENAL CAPSULE has 3 layers
A
Renal Fascia, Perirenal fat capsule, Fibrous capsule
10
Q
Anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures
A
renal fascia
11
Q
Cushions the kidney, prevents trauma, stabilize the
kidne
A
Perirenal fat capsule
12
Q
Prevents the spread of infection
A
fibrous capsule
13
Q
The hilum opens into a cavity called the _______, which
contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine, and adipose
tissue.
A
renal sinus
14
Q
outer superficial region which is light-colored and granular in appearance
A
renal cortex
15
Q
inner deep layer which is dark-colored and striped in appearance
A
renal medulla
16
Q
coned shape tissue masses located between the cortex and medulla
A
renal pyramids
17
Q
a collection of tubes and ducts that transport
fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.
A
renal pyramids
18
Q
separates the renal pyramids
A
renal columns
19
Q
funnel-shaped structure which surround the tip of renal pyramid. The calyces
from all the renal pyramids join to form a larger funnel called renal pelvis.
A
renal calyces
20
Q
Urine from several calyces is emptied
into a single, enlarged, funnel-shaped chamber called the
A
renal pelvis
21
Q
Functional
unit of kidney.
A
nephron
22
Q
About how many nephrons each kidney
A
1million
23
Q
This is where urine
production/formation
happens
A
nephron
24
Q
Extends from renal
cortex to calyces
A
Extends from renal
cortex to calyces
25
nephron consists of two parts
1. Renal corpuscle
2. Renal Tubules
26
located at the renal cortex, function to FILTER
RENAL CORPUSCLE
27
located partially at the renal cortex and mostly at the medulla
renal tubules
28
renal corpuscle, resembles as ball of yarn, fenestrated (pored)
glomerulus
29
renal corpuscle, encapsulates the glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
30
glomerular capsule is also called
bowman capsule
31
Nephrons are also named according to their location:
•_____ – Those in the renal cortex ( 85% of the nephrons)
•______ – Those in the renal medulla (15% of the nephrons)
cortical, Juxtamedullary
32
Cortical – accounts for
the ___of the
nephrons
85%
33
Juxtamedullary –
accounts for ____ of
the nephrons
15%
34
transports the blood to the glomerulus
AFFERENT ARTERIOLE
35
exchange of nutrients, will deliver the blood to the kidney.
GLOMERULUS (CAPILLARIES)
36
will transport the reabsorbed substances to the peritubular
capillary/vasa recta back to the heart.
EFFERENT ARTERIOLE
37
Urine is produced by three processes
filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
38
The movement of water, ions and small molecules through the filtration
membrane into Bowman’s capsule. Substances that cannot pass through the glomerulus
(blood cells and big proteins) will be transported to vasa recta for reabsorption.
filtration
39
portion of
plasma entering the
nephron.
filtrate
40
Filtered substances is called as
filtrate
41
location if filtration
glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
42
The movement of
substances from the
filtrate back into the
blood of the
peritubular capillaries.
TUBULAR REABSORPTION
43
locations of tubular reabsorption
1. Proximal
Convoluted Tubule
2. Nephron Loop
(Descending and
Ascending)
3. Distal Convoluted
Tubule
44
Primary site of the reabsorption of solutes and water
REABSORPTION IN THE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE
45
Location of REABSORPTION IN THE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE
renal cortex
46
The proximal convoluted tubule is permeable to
water and solutes
47
As solutes molecules are transported out of the
proximal convoluted tubule into the interstitial fluid,
water moves by osmosis in the same direction
TUBULAR REABSORPTION (PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE)
48
___of filtrate is reabsorbed. (REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE)
65%
49
TUBULAR REABSORPTION (PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE)
All of the reabsorbed substances go to the
peritubular capillaries
50
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (DESCENDING) location
Location: Renal Medulla
51
Further concentrates the filtrate
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (DESCENDING)
52
_____ is permeable to water and semi-
permeable to solutes
Descending Loop
53
How reabsorption takes place? As the filtrate passes through the descending limb into the
medulla, water moves out of the nephron by osmosis and some solutes moves into the
nephron by diffusion.
TUBULAR REABSORPTION (NEPHRON LOOP: DESCENDING LOOP)
54
Dilutes the filtrate by removing solutes.
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)
55
location , REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)
renal medulla
56
is not permeable to water but
permeable to solute.
Ascending limb
57
Solutes diffuse out of the nephron
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)
58
15 % is being reabsorbed in both descending and
ascending limbs.
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING)
59
REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP
OF HENLE (ASCENDING), __ being reabsorbed in both descending and
ascending limbs
15%
60
location, REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT
Renal Medulla – Renal Calyces
61
As the filtrate enters the distal convoluted tubule, it
is more dilute than the interstitial fluid of the renal
cortex.
REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT
62
__ of the original filtrate volume remains and ___of it is reabsorbed. (REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT)
20%, 19%
63
in REABSORPTION IN THE DISTAL
CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING
DUCT, __ becomes urine
1%
64
The active transport of solutes across the nephron
walls into the filtrate.
tubular secretion
65
Useful for:
Disposing of substances, such as certain drugs and
metabolites, that are tightly bound to plasma proteins.
tubular secretion
66
Eliminating undesirable substances or end products that
have been reabsorbed by passive processes.
tubular secretion
67
useful for Ridding the body of excess potassium ions.
tubular secretion
68
useful for Controlling blood pH.
tubular secretion
69
color of urine
clear pale –
deep yellow (amber)
70
odor of urine
aromatic
71
ph lvl of urine
6.0
72
specific gravity of urine
1.001-1.035
73
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS of urine
üUrea
üUric Acid
üCreatinine
üSodium, Phosphate, ammonia
74
REGULATION OF URINE
CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME
- Involves three major hormonal mechanisms:
1. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Mechanism
3. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) Mechanism
75
Both Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism and
the ANH mechanism are more sensitive to changes
in
blood pressure
76
the ADH mechanism is
more sensitive to changes in
blood concentration
77
↑ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood-Solute Concentration
as a result ↓ Urine Output
78
↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↓ Blood-Solute Concentration
as a result ↑ Urine Output
79
↑ Water Reabsorption if, ↓Blood Volume and Blood Pressure, result will be
↓ Urine Output
80
↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood Volume and Blood Pressure
as a result ↑Urine Output
81
To increase blood volume,
water inside the body must be conserved!
82
↓ Water Reabsorption if, ↑ Blood Volume and Blood Pressure
as a result ↑Urine Output
83
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism (RAA System)
A person gets hypotensive/low blood pressure à Stimulates the secretion of ___ from the
kidney - Stimulates the release of ______ - Converts into ______ - Converts into ______ - Stimulates the release of _____ from the
ADRENAL CORTEX.
renin, ANGIOTENSINOGEN, ANGIOTENSIN I, ANGIOTENSIN II , ALDOSTERONE
84
↑ Aldosterone - ↑ Water Reabsorption
increase the
blood pressure of the person
85
Increases the permeability of the distal convoluted
tubule and collecting duct, as a result, water reabsorption increases.
Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism (ADH)
86
- Divided into right and left.
- Small tubes that carry urine
from renal pelvis of the
kidney to the posterior
portion of the urinary
bladde
ureters
87
A hollow muscular
container that lies
in the pelvic cavity
just posterior to the
pubic symphysis.
URINARY BLADDER
88
Storage of urine
urinary bladder
89
Trigone has how many openings
3
90
Tube that exits the
urinary bladder
inferiorly and
anteriorly
URETHRA
91
Has sphincters
(internal and
external)
urethra
92
size of urethra in female
1 ½ inches
93
size of urethra in male
6-8 inches
94
Activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall.
MICTURITION REFLEX
95
contain high
concentration of potassium ions, magnesium ions,
phosphate and sulfate than the extracellular
compartment
Intracellular Fluid Compartment
96
contain high
concentration of sodium ions, calcium ions and
bicarbonate ions than the intracellular compartment.
Extracellular Fluid Compartment
