axial bones ppt Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
total bones of axial
A
80
2
Q
Axial skeleton are composed of the following bones
A
• Skull
• Auditory Ossicles
• Hyoid Bone
• Vertebrae
• Thoracic Cage
3
Q
The bone markings are classified into three (3)
namely:
A
✓ ARTICULATING
✓ NON - ARTICULATING
✓ DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS
4
Q
enlarged end
A
head
5
Q
smooth rounded articular surface
A
condyle
6
Q
smooth flattened surface
A
facet
7
Q
knob/enlargement
A
Tuberosity
8
Q
prominent projection
A
process
9
Q
prominent ridge
A
crest
10
Q
small rounded projection
A
tubercle
11
Q
elongated ridge
A
line
12
Q
opening/hole
A
foramen
13
Q
depression
A
fossa
14
Q
tunnel-like opening
A
meatus
15
Q
cleft
A
fissure
16
Q
cavity
A
sinus
17
Q
The skull has ____ bones
A
22
18
Q
The skull has 22 bones
and is divided into two
parts:
A
a) Calvarium/Cranium
b) Cranial base/ Facial
bones
19
Q
Forms forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial fossa;
contains sinuses
A
frontal bone
20
Q
✓ Squamous
✓ Supraorbital Margins
✓ Supraorbital Foramen
✓ Glabella
A
frontal bone
21
Q
forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal
area
A
squamous
22
Q
thickened part which lie under the eyebrows. This is where the forehead ends.
A
Supraorbital margin
23
Q
passageway of supraorbital artery and nerves
A
supraorbital foramen
24
Q
Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
A
parietal bones
25
interlocking
joints of the skull.
sutures
26
✓ Coronal Suture
✓ Lambdoid Suture
✓ Squamous Suture
✓ Sagittal Suture
parietal bones
27
joint between the parietal and frontal bone.
coronal suture
28
joint between the parietal and occipital bone.
lamboid suture
29
joint between the parietal and
temporal bone
squamous suture
30
joint between two parietal bones.
sagittal suture
31
Form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute
to the middle cranial fossa
temporal bones
32
Best viewed on lateral position
TEMPORAL BONES
33
temporal bones has 3 major parts
1. Squamous
2. Tympanic
3. Petrous
34
✓ Zygomatic Process
✓ Zygomatic Arch
✓ Mandibular fossa + Condylar Process
(mandible) = Temporomandibular Joint
TEMPORAL BONE- SQUAMOUS
35
when the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch.
Zygomatic Arch
36
condylar process of the
mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
37
✓ EAM - External
Acoustic Meatus
TEMPORAL BONE- TYMPANIC
38
through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
External Auditory Meatus
39
through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
External Auditory Meatus
40
supports the temporal brain
Middle cranial fossa
41
passageway of the jugular vein
jugular foramen
42
Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial
cavity
Carotid canal
43
between petrous temporal and sphenoid. Most
medial portion
foramen lacerum
44
transmits cranial nerves
internal acoustic meatus
45
which acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles. Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear. This
has many air cavities called “mastoid air cells”
mastoid process
46
needle like process which is not just for neck attachment but also for tongue muscles.
styloid process
47
allows passage of the maxillary division of cranial nerve V.
Foramen Rotundum
48
allows passage of the mandibular division of cranial
nerve V
Foramen Ovale
49
allows passage of the middle meningeal
artery.
Foramen Spinosum
50
✓ Jugular Foramen
✓ Foramen Lacerum
✓ Internal Acoustic Meatus
TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS
51
✓ Foramen Rotundum
✓ Foramen Ovale
✓ Foramen Spinosum
TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS
52
✓ Mastoid Process
✓ Styloid Process
TEMPORAL BONE- PETROUS
53
supports the cerebellum
Posterior cranial fossa
54
largest foramen of the skull, spinal cord passes through.
foramen magnum
55
located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates.
.Occipital condyles
56
Most bulging part of the
posterior skull.
External occipital protuberance
57
Forms posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull
OCCIPITAL BONE
58
✓ Posterior Cranial Fossa
✓ Foramen Magnum
occipital bone
59
✓ Occipital Condyles
✓ External Occipital Protuberance
OCCIPITAL BONE
60
Keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and orbits;
SPHENOID BONE
61
✓ Body
✓ Hypophyseal Fossa of Sella Turcica
SPHENOID BONE
62
which forms the center of the
sphenoid bone.
body of the sphenoid
63
houses the
pituitary gland
SKULL: CALVARIUM
Hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica
64
✓ Lesser Wing
✓ Greater Wing
✓ Pterygoid Process
SPHENOID BONE
65
medial process, horn-like
lesser wing
66
projects laterally
greater wing
67
interior portion, which serves as an attachment for pterygoid muscles for chewing
Pterygoid process
68
Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral
walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit
ETHMOID BONE
69
✓ Cribriform Plate
✓ Crista Galli
✓ Perpendicular Plate
ETHMOID BONE
70
helps form the root of the nasal cavities and floor of the anterior cranial fossa
Cribriform plate
71
the dura matter, specifically the falx cerebri of the brain is attached to this structure to help secure the
brain in the cranial cavity
Crista galli
72
inferior portion, which divides the nasal cavity from right to left.
Perpendicular plate
73
The lower jaw
mandible
74
✓ Paired Rami
✓ Mandibular Angle
✓ Body of Mandible
✓ Condylar Process
mandible
75
✓ Coronoid Process
✓ Mandibular Foramen
✓ Mental foramen
mandible
76
Between each ramus and the body of mandible is a formed angle known as mandibular angle.
paired rami
77
articulate with the temporal bones in the TMJ of the jaw.
Condylar processes
78
insertion points for the temporalis
muscle
Coronoid processes
79
permit the inferior alveolar nerves to pass.
Mandibular foramina
80
allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the chin and lower lip.
Mental foramina
81
Form the upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
maxilla
82
✓ Anterior Nasal Spine
✓ Infraorbital Foramen
maxilla
83
bony projection located at the
midline of the maxilla (upper jaw) at the lower end of the
nasal cavity.
Anterior Nasal Spine
84
allows passage of the the
infraorbital nerve to the skin of face.
Infraorbital Foramen
85
Form the cheeks and part of the orbits
zygoma
86
articulations of zygoma
1. Maxilla
2. Frontal Bone
3. Temporal Bone
87
Form the bridge of the nose
nasal bone
88
Nasal bone ARTICULATIONS
1. Maxilla
2. Frontal Bone
3. Perpendicular plate
89
Form part of the medial orbit wall
LACRIMAL BONE
90
houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to
drain the tears into the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal fossa
91
Form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit
walls
PALATINE BONE
92
medial fusion point of the
horizontal plates of the palatine bones which form the
posterior part of the hard palate
Median palatine suture
93
Inferior part of the nasal septum
vomer
94
unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate
directly with any other bone.
hyoid bone
95
Three bones in the middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the
human body.
AUDITORY OSSICLES
96
✓ Malleus
✓ Incus
✓ Stapes
AUDITORY OSSICLES
97
✓ Backbone
✓ 33 bones(infant)
✓ 26 bones (adult)
✓ 5 regions
• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacral (1-5)
• Coccygeal (1-4)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
98
1.Cervical Lordosis (Concave)
2.Thoracic Kyphosis (Convex)
3.Lumbar Lordosis (Concave)
4.Sacral Kyphosis (Convex)
curves
99
Each vertebra consists of a _____, or ______, anteriorly and a __________ posteriorly. The disc-shaped body is the weight- bearing
region.
body, centrum, vertebral arch
100
flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, complete
the arch posteriorly.
laminae
101
short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral
body, form the sides of the arch.
Pedicles
102
median posterior projection arising at the junction
of the two laminae.
Spinous process
103
extends laterally from each side of the vertebral
arch.
Transverse process
104
protrude superiorly and
inferiorly respectively from the pedicle.
.Superior and inferior articular facet
105
✓ Body: None
✓ No spinous
process
✓ Has superior
articular
facets
✓ “YES”
CERVICAL – ATLAS(C1)
106
✓ Not as
specialized as
atlas
✓ Unique
feature:
knoblike
dens
CERVICAL SPINE – AXIS (C2)
107
✓ Body: Oval
✓ Spinous process
is short and bifid
✓ Vertebral
foramen is
triangular
✓ C7-palpable
CERVICAL SPINE – C3-C7
108
✓ Body: Heart
shaped
✓ Long and sharp
spinous process
✓ Demifacets
(Costal Facets)
✓ Transverse
process
✓ Vertebral foramen
is round
THORACIC SPINE: T1-T12
109
✓ Body: Massive
kidney -shaped
✓ Short and flat
spinous process
✓ Pedicles and laminae
are thicker and
shorter
✓ Transverse process
✓ Vertebral foramen is
triangular
LUMBAR SPINE: L1-L5
110
Atlas + Occipital condyles
Atlanto-occipital joint
111
Atlas + Axis
Atlanto-axial joint
112
Superior articulating facet + Inferior
articulating facet
Zygapophyseal joint
113
Protects the vital organs in the thorax
THORACIC CAGE
114
Elements of the thoracic cage include the
thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, the ribs
laterally, and the sternum and costal
cartilages anteriorly.
THORACIC CAGE
115
includes the manubrium, body of sternum, and the xiphoid process. It lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.
Sternum (breastbone)
116
consists of 24 pairs
ribs
117
first to seventh pair
true ribs
118
seventh to twelfth pair. The eleventh and twelfth pairs
are specifically considered as floating ribs.
false ribs
119
• Ribs + Vertebrae
Costovertebral joints
120
Ribs + Costal cartilages
Costochondral joints
121
Sternum + Costal cartilages
Sternochondral joints
122
False ribs costal cartilages
Interchondral joints
