respiratory system

Question 1

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 1

3, superior, middle, inferior

Question 2

how many fissures does the right lung have?

Answer 2

2, oblique and horizontal

Question 3

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 3

2 superior and inferior

Question 4

how many fissures does the left lung have?

Answer 4

oblique

Question 5

which pleura covers the lungs?

Answer 5

visceral

Question 6

what pleura covers the chest wall?

Answer 6

parietal

Question 7

what 4 things make up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 7

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx, larynx

Question 8

what 4 things make up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 8

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 9

what is the function of the conducting zone?

Answer 9

filters, warms and moistens the air

transmits air to and from the lung

Question 10

what are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

warms and cleanses the air
detects odour
resonating chamber that modifies the voice

Question 11

what does the pharynx do?

Answer 11

passageway for air and mucus

resonating chamber

Question 12

where is the pharynx?

Answer 12

extends from nose to larynx

Question 13

where is the larynx?

Answer 13

connects laryngopharynx

Question 14

what does the larynx do?

Answer 14

maintains open airway, switching mechanism, voice box (changes tension in voice box)

Question 15

what is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 15

exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs

Question 16

what muscles are used in quiet inspiration and in what %?

Answer 16

diaphragm 80%, external intercostals 20%

Question 17

what muscles are used in forced inspiration?

Answer 17

scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor and major

Question 18

what muscles are used in forced expiration?

Answer 18

internal intercostals, oblique and rectus abdominis

Question 19

what is intrapleural pressure?

Answer 19

pressure inside the lung, always lower than intrapulmonary pressure to stop lung form collapsing

Question 20

what happens during inspiration in relation to volume and pressure?

Answer 20

thoracic volume increases, intrapulmonary volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Question 21

what is pulmonary compliance?

Answer 21

ease in which the lungs can be expanded

Question 22

what decreases the pulmonary compliance?

Answer 22

scar tissue in lungs
blockages
lower levels of surfactant

Question 23

what are 2 pulmonary functions test?

Answer 23

peak flow meter, spirometer

Question 24

what is henrys law?

Answer 24

the amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility in water and partial pressure in air

Question 25

how much oxygen is transported bound to haemoglobin and what is the rest transported by?

Answer 25

98.5%, and 1.5% carried dissolved in plasma

Question 26

how is carbon dioxide transported around the body?

Answer 26

7% dissolved in plasma
23% bound to Hb in RBCs
70% as bicarbonate in plasma

Question 27

what are the respiratory control centres?

Answer 27

pontine respiratory centre, medulla, cerebral cortex