topic 2: co-ordination and control

Question 1

what is the primary role of glia?

Answer 1

support neurons

Question 2

what do schwann cells do?

Answer 2

myelinated axons of neurons of a single axon in PNS

Question 3

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 3

myelinate axons of many axons in CNS

Question 4

what happens to the conduction in multiple sclerosis?

Answer 4

damaged myelin sheath, decreased conduction in axons

Question 5

what does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?

Answer 5

tachycardia, increased bp/blood sugar, inhibits GI peristalsis, pupil dilation

Question 6

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the body?

Answer 6

bradycardia, increased GI motility, bronchial constriction, pupil constriction, gastric acid secretion

Question 7

what is the role of nicotine?

Answer 7

stimulate ACh receptors, control ion channels

Question 8

what are the two type of acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 8

nicotinic, muscarinic

Question 9

where are muscarinic acetylcholine receptors found?

Answer 9

target tissues of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 10

where are nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 10

ganglionic synapses of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 11

what are muscarinic receptors blocked by?

Answer 11

atropine

Question 12

what are nicotinic receptors blocked by?

Answer 12

curare

Question 13

what substance is released from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 13

cortisol

Question 14

in the sympathetic NS, are the preganglionic neutrons long or shot?

Answer 14

short

Question 15

in the parasympathetic NS, are the preganglionic neutrons long or shot?

Answer 15

long

Question 16

in the parasympathetic NS where are the ganglia located?

Answer 16

close to the effector

Question 17

what NS (parasympatethic/ sympathetic) controls anabolic and catabolic metabolism?

Answer 17

catabolic- sympathetic

anabolic- parasympathetic

Question 18

what are the 3 different types of hormones?

Answer 18

steroid, peptide, amine

Question 19

what does the parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 19

increases Ca2+

Question 20

what does calcitonin do?

Answer 20

decrease a raised plasma Ca2+

Question 21

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 21

increases plasma Na+

Question 22

what does ADH do?

Answer 22

increases water reabsorption at the kidneys

Question 23

what does ANP do?

Answer 23

increases Na+ loss at the kidneys

Question 24

what is the role of the hypothalamus within the endocrine glands?

Answer 24

produces hormones

Question 25

what 2 hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 25

ADH and oxytocin

Question 26

what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce in relation to the reproductive organs?

Answer 26

luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone

Question 27

what other hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 27

thyroid stimulating, prolactin, adrenocorticotrophic, human growth hormone

Question 28

what two hormones does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 28

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) TSH (thread stimulating hormone)

Question 29

what is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 29

T4 into T3

Question 30

what is the role of calcitonin?

Answer 30

lowering calcium and phosphate in the blood

Question 31

what does the adrenal gland release?

Answer 31

medulla adrenaline, noradrenaline