skeletal system?

Question 1

what are the two component of the bone matrix?

Answer 1

organic components, and inorganic

Question 2

what is the organic component of the bone?

Answer 2

osteoid, collagen and protein (strong, flexible but easily compressed)

Question 3

what is the inorganic component of the bone?

Answer 3

hydroxyapatite, deposition of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and carbonate) hard inflexible and brittle

Question 4

what are osteoblasts?

Answer 4

new bones and secrete osteoid (mineral deposition)

Question 5

what are osteocytes?

Answer 5

mature bone cells

Question 6

what are osteoclasts?

Answer 6

remove mineral from the matrix, bone remodelling

Question 7

what are osteogenic stem cells?

Answer 7

develop into osteoblasts

Question 8

what are cancellous bone?

Answer 8

less compact and heavy compared to compact bone and spaces in-between haphazardly arranged bone is bone marrow

Question 9

what are are two ways of forming bone?

Answer 9

intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

Question 10

what causes bone growth to stop?

Answer 10

at puberty growth and thyroid hormones increase, osteoblast activity increases and catches up with cartilage formation

Question 11

how does the bone heal?

Answer 11

haemotoma formation
area invaded by capillaries etc- soft callus forms
soft callus hardened by mineral deposition
remodelling by osteoclasts

Question 12

what is a synarthrosis joint?

Answer 12

little or no movement

Question 13

what is a amphiarthtrosis joint?

Answer 13

slightly moveable

Question 14

what is a diarthroses joint?

Answer 14

freely moveable

Question 15

what is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 15

bones held together by cartilage

Question 16

what is a fibrous joint?

Answer 16

bones held together by collagenous fibres

Question 17

what is a synovial joint?

Answer 17

bones separated by joint cavity and enclosed in a fibrous capsule

Question 18

what are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 18

manubrium, body and xiphisternum

Question 19

what makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 19

pectoral gridle, upper limb, pelvic girlde, lower limb

Question 20

what makes up the pectoral girlde?

Answer 20

scapulae and clavicle

Question 21

what forms the shoulder joint?

Answer 21

humerus and glenoid fossa

Question 22

what makes up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 22

sarum and to coaxae

Question 23

what type of bone is the patella?

Answer 23

sesamoid