Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology > topic 1: the body and its internal environment > Flashcards

topic 1: the body and its internal environment Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

lipid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the role of the golgi apparatus?

A

carb modification and sorting proteins into vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are simple squamous epithelial cells found?

A

blood vessels and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are stratified squamous cells found?

A

oral cavity, anus, vagina, oesophagus, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the role of stratified squamous cells?

A

protection, barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are keratinised stratified squamous cells found?

A

skin, hair, footpads of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the role of the keratinised squamous cells?

A

protection and waterproof barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

salivary glands, pancreas and kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are simple columnar epithelium found?

A

GI tract and gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are complex columnar epithelium found?

A

trachea and large respiratory airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the modification of complex columnar epithelium?

A

cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name 4 specialised connective tissue?

A

Bone/cartlidge, ligaments, adipocytes, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the normal blood glucose range?

A

4.5-5.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the normal blood volume?

A

60-80ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the volume of water in extracellular fluid?

A

25l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the volume of water in the extracellular fluid (2)

A

interstitial- 12L and plasma- 3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an aqueous solution?

A

small molecules dissolved, ionic compounds dissociate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a colloid solution?

A

proteins or large molecules dissolved as solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a suspension?

A

large molecules dissolved, particles settle if undisturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the definition of osmotic pressure?

A

the amount of hydrostatic pressure needed to stop osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is osmotic concentration expressed?

A

osmoles/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the concentration of solutes in a hypotonic solution?

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is sodium needed for?

A

nerve conduction and propagation of action potential

25
Q

what is sodium concentration controlled by?

A

ANP/aldosterone

26
Q

if a patient is hypernatraemia, what is wrong with them?

A

too much sodium

27
Q

what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia?

A

lethargy, confusion, reduced BP

28
Q

what is the role of potassium?

A

returning the cell to its resting state after excitation

29
Q

what is the normal serum range of potassium?

A

3.5-5

30
Q

what is calcium needed for?

A

muscle contraction, nerve excitability, healthy bones and teeth

31
Q

what is the concentration of calcium controlled by?

A

parathyroid hormone

32
Q

what is the name of the channel protein which allows water to difuse in and out of the cell?

A

aquaporins

33
Q

what is the role of the sodium potassium pump?

A

sodium out, potassium in

34
Q

what are the two structural clarifications of the nervous system?

A

central and peripheral

35
Q

what 2 parts of the body are included within the central NS?

A

brain and spinal cord

36
Q

what 2 parts of the body are included within the peripheral nervous system?

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

37
Q

what are the two functional classifications of the nervous system?

A

somatic and autonomic

38
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

39
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

40
Q

what does the cerebellum control?

A

balance, posture, muscle tone, co-ordinates movement

41
Q

what vital centres does the brain stem have?

A

cardiovascular and respiratory

42
Q

what are the two different parts of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

43
Q

what is the role of the thalamus?

A

important relay station for sensory information

44
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

hormone secretion, thermoregulation, hunger and thirst

45
Q

what are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

sulci and gyri

46
Q

what makes up the grey matter of the cerebrum?

A

connecting fibres and basal ganglia

47
Q

what is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

motor cortex, intellect/planning

48
Q

what is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

general sensations and touch (somatosensory)

49
Q

what is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

auditory cortex

50
Q

what is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

visual cortex

51
Q

from left to right what is the order of the following: central sulcus, post central gyrus, pre central gyrus

A

pre central gyrus–> central sulcus–> postcentral gyrus

52
Q

what are the 3 membranes of the meninges?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

53
Q

whats is the substance found in the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

54
Q

what is the system that produces CSF?

A

ventricular system

55
Q

what are the names of the two arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A

internal carotid artery, vertebral artery

56
Q

how many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

57
Q

how many thoracic nerves are there?

A

12

58
Q

how many lumbar nerves are there?

A

5

59
Q

how many sacral nerves are there?

A

5

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions