Respiratory System Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
respiratory system
A
supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all arts of the body
removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
2
Q
upper respiratory tract
A
consists of nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea
3
Q
lower respiratory tract
A
brachial tree and lungs
4
Q
nasal septum
A
wall of cartilage that divides the nose into 2 equal sections
5
Q
cilia
A
thin hairs located inside nostrils to filter incoming air and remove debris
6
Q
olfactory receptors
A
nerve endings that act as the receptors for sense of smell
7
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
air filled cavities lines with mucous membranes that 1.make the skull lighter
- help produce sound by giving resonance to voice
- produce mucus to lubricate the nasal cavity
8
Q
frontal sinuses
A
in frontal bone above eyebrows
9
Q
sphenoid sinuses
A
in the sphenoid bone behind eye and under pituitary gland - close to optic nerve
10
Q
maxillary sinuses
A
largest sinuses, in the maxillary bones under eyes
11
Q
ethmoid sinuses
A
irregular shaped air cells between nose and eyes
12
Q
pharynx
A
throat - has 3 divisions; nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
13
Q
nasopharynx
A
posterior to the nasal vanity and continues downward to behind mouth - used only by respiratory system
14
Q
oropharynx
A
visible when looking into mouth and transports air, food, and fluids to the laryngopharynx
15
Q
laryngopharynx
A
food/fluid go to openings of esophagus and air to trachea
16
Q
larynx
A
triangular chamber located between pharynx and the trachea
AKA voice box
17
Q
epiglottis
A
lid-like structure at the base of the tongue closes off the laryngopharynx so food doesn’t enter trachea and lungs
18
Q
trachea
A
used to transport air to and from the lungs
AKA windpipe
19
Q
bronchi
A
2 large tubes that branch out from the trachea and convey air into the lungs
20
Q
bronchioles
A
smaller branches of the bronchi
21
Q
alveoli
A
very small, grape like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole and are where the exchange of oxygen and CO2
AKA air sacs
22
Q
lungs
A
essential organs for respiration are divided into lobes
23
Q
right lung
A
larger and has 3 lobes
24
Q
left lung
A
2 lobes because heart is on that side of body
25
mediastinum
middle section of chest between lungs and contains, heart with its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland and lymph nodes
26
pleura
thin, moist and slippery membrane that covers the outer surfaces of the lungs and lines the inner surface of thoracic cavity
27
parietal pleura
outer layer of the pleura. lines walls of thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm and forms the sac containing each lung
28
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura - attached directly to each lung
29
pleura cavity
thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleura membranes that act as lubricant to allow membranes to slid over each other during respiration
30
diaphragm
dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen - the contraction and relaxation of this muscle makes breathing possible
31
phrenic nerves
stimulate diaphragm to cause to contract
32
respiration
AKA breathing
| exchange of oxygen for CO2
33
inhalation
act of taking in air as the diaphragm contacts and pulls downward, expanding thoracic cavity
34
exhalation
act of breathing out as diaphragm relaxes and thoracic cavity becomes narrower
35
external respiration
act of bringing air in and out of the lungs form the outside environment
36
internal repsiration
exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissue
37
thoracic surgeon
operates on organs inside the thorax, including lungs, heart and esophagus
38
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| COPD
ground of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out.
39
chronic bronchitis
disease in which at the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke. Causes excessive mucus and thickening of the walls of the air passages, ->chronic coughing, difficulty getting air in and out and increase risk of bacterial infections
40
emphysema
progressive, long term loss of lung function usually due to smoking. Decrease in total number of alveoli, enlargement of remaining alveoli and progressive destruction of alveoli
41
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction
42
airway inflammation
swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus, usually from inhaled allergens
43
bronchospasm
contraction of the smooth muscles in the wall of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut
44
upper respiratory infections
used to describe anyone of 200 different viruses
| AKA common cold
45
allergic rhinitis
AKA allergy
| allergic reaction to airborne alleges that cause an increased flow of mucus
46
croup
acute respiratory infection in kids and babies characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough
47
diphtheria
acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract that produces toxins that damage heart and surrounding nerves
48
epistaxis
bleeding from nose cause by dry air, injury, meds
49
pertussis
AKA whooping cough
contagious bacterial infection of upper respiratory tract characterized by recurrent bouts of a sudden spasm of coughs followed by breathlessness and noisy inspiration
50
rhinorrhea
runny nose
51
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
52
pharyngitis
AKA sore throat
| inflammation of the pharynx
53
laryngospasm
sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
54
aphonia
loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
55
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking, including hoarseness, any impairment in vocal quality, weakness or voice cracking
56
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx - also used to describe voice loss due to this inflammation
57
tracheorrhagia
bleeding form the mucous membranes of the trachea
58
bronchiectasis
permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation
59
bronchorrhea
excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi, often caused by asthma or chronic bronchitis
60
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura, AKA pleuritis
61
pleurodynia
sharp pain then inflamed membranes rub against each other during inhalation
62
pleural effusion
excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space and causes a feeling of breathlessness because it prevent the lung from fully expanding
63
pyothorax
presence of pus in pleural cavity
64
empyema
a collection of pus in a body cavity
65
hemothorax
collection of blood in the pleural cavity
66
pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse
67
acute respiratory distress syndrome
lung condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in blood
68
atelectasis
AKA collapsed lung
| incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax
69
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in lung tissue, especially alveoli
70
pulmonary embolism
sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery after by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region
71
pneumorrhaia
bleeding from the lungs
72
tuberculosis
infectious disease that attacks the lungs - pleurisy and coughing up blood can be symptoms
73
pneumonia
inflammation of lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids
74
bronchopneumonia
localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles
75
lobar pneumonia
affects larger areas of the lungs often including one of more of the lobes
76
aspirational pneumonia
occur when a foreign substance like vomit is inhaled
77
community-acquired pneumonia
any pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside a hospital or clinic
78
walking pneumonia
milder but longer lasting pneumonia caused by bacteria
79
pneumocystis pneumonia
caused by an opportunistic infection by a yeast like fungus
80
interstitial lung disease
~200 disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and supporting structures
81
pulmonary fibrosis
progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing
82
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis (condition in which normal tissue is replace with hardened tissue) of the lung tissues caused by dust in lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
83
asbestosis
caused by asbestos particles in the lungs
84
silicosis
caused by inhaling silica dust
85
cystic fibrosis
genetic disorder in which lungs and pancreas are clogged with large amounts of thick mucus resulting in damage to lungs, poor growth and nutritional deficiencies
86
eupnea
easy or normal breathing
87
apnea
temporary absence of spontaneous breathing
88
bradypnea
abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually leads than 10 breaths per min
89
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
90
tachypnea
abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually more than 20 breaths/min
91
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
92
hyperpnea
breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal, usually from exertion
93
hypopnea
shallow or slow respiration
94
hyperventilation
abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration usually associated with anxiety
95
hemoptysis
the expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum from the lungs or bronchial tubes as a results of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
96
anoxia
absence if oxygen from the body's tissues and organs even though there is adequate flow of blood
97
hypoxia
having deficient levels of oxygen in tissues and organs but less severe than anoxia
98
asphyxia
loss of consciousness then body can't get enough oxygen to function
99
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of enough oxygen in blood
100
hypercapnia
buildup of CO2 in blood
101
hypoxemia
having low oxygen levels in blood, usually due to respiratory or heart disorders
102
peak flow meter
handheld device asthma patients use to measure air flowing out of the lungs, showing any narrowing of the airway in advance of an attack
103
polysomnography
AKA sleep study
104
spirometer
recording device that measure amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each
105
pulse oximeter
external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in blood
106
sputum
phlegm ejected through mouth
107
tuberculin skin testing
screening test for tuberculosis - very small amount of PPD tuberculin is injected just under skin and checked for reaction 48-72 hours later
108
antitussive
cough medicine
109
bronchodilator
inhaled medicine that relaxed and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs - used often by asthma pts
110
metered-dose inhaler
gives a specific amount of meds like bronchodilator in aerosol form
111
nebulizer
electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through liquid meds to turn it into mist, then inhaled by pt
112
endotracheal intubation
passage of a tube through the mouth in to the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, esp when pt is on ventilator
113
functional endoscopic sinus surgery
sx using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
114
laryngotomy
surgical incision into larynx when the upper part of the airway is obstructed
115
septoplasty
surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum
116
tracheostomy
surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent breathing tube
117
tracheotomy
incision is made into the trachea to gain access to airway below a blockage
118
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of all or part of lung
119
lobectomy
surgical removal of a love of an organ, usually lungs, brain, or liver
120
Wedge resection
sx in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue
121
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleura cavity - removed fluid or air
122
thoracotomy
surgical incision into chest walls to open pleural cavity for biopsy or tx
123
diaphragmatic breathing
relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety
124
CPAP machine
noninvasive ventilation device used in tx of sleep apnea. Face mask uses constant sir pressure in nasal passage, holding airways open
125
BiPAP machine
like CPAP machine but can be set to high level for inhalation and lower pressure of exhaling
126
Ambu bag
flexible air chamber is squeezed to force air through face mask into lungs
"bagging"
