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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Eyes and Ears Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

adnexa

A

accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

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2
Q

eye muscles

A

superior and inferior oblique muscles
superior and inferior rectus muscles
Lateral and medial rectus muscles

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3
Q

canthus

A

angle where the upper and lower eyelid meet

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4
Q

cilia

A

small hairs of eyebrows and lashes

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5
Q

tarsus

A

framework within the upper and lower lids that provide the stiffness and shape

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6
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines underside of eyelid and protective covering of eye

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7
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

structures that produce, store, and remove tears

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8
Q

choriod

A

opaque middle layer of eyeball that contains many blood vessels, supplying blood to eye

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9
Q

sclera

A

white of eye - maintains shape of eye and protects tissue under - outer layer of eye except where cornea is

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10
Q

retina

A

sensitive innermost layer lines posterior segment of eye- receives nerve impulses and transmits them to optic nerve

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11
Q

aqueous humor

A

fills anterior and posterior chambers in anterior segment of eye to nourish intraocular structures

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12
Q

rods

A

black and white receptors

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13
Q

cones

A

color receptors

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14
Q

macula

A

light sensitive area in center of retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

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15
Q

fovea centralis

A

pit in middle of macula with high concentration of cones and no rods

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16
Q

optic disc

A

blind spot, region of eye where nerve endings of retinal enter optic nerve

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17
Q

uvea

A

pigmented layer of eye - consists of rich blood supply, choroid, ciliary body and iris

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18
Q

ciliary body

A

set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

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19
Q

iris

A

color part of eye with muscles that contract and dilate to control amount of light entering thru pupil

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20
Q

cornea

A

outer surface of eye covering the iris and pupil

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21
Q

convergence

A

simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other to keep object coming nearing in focus

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22
Q

emmetropia

A

normal relationship between refractive power of eye and shape of eye to have light rays focus correctly on retina

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23
Q

hordeolum

A

stye- filled with pus from infection in sebaceous gland

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24
Q

chalazion

A

cyst caused by obstruction in sebaceous gland

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25
anisocoria
pupils are unequal in size
26
photopsia
flashing lights
27
miosis
contraction of pupil
28
mydriasis
dilation of pupil
29
nystagmus
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of eyeball that can be congenital, neurological injury or drugs
30
papilledema
swelling and inflammation of optic nerve at point of entrance thru optic disk
31
reunites pigmentosa
progressive degeneration of retina that affects night and peripheral vision - detected by dark, pigmented spots in retina
32
hemianopia
blindness ins one-hand of visual field
33
monochromatism
color blindness
34
nyctalopia
night blindness
35
esotropia
strabismus with eye(s) crossing inward
36
exotropia
strabismus with outward deviation of one eye relative to the other
37
ametropia
any refractive error in which light not properly focus on retina
38
amblyopia
dimness of vision or partial loss of sight without detectable disease of eye
39
scotoma
blind spot
40
cover test
examination of how the 2 eyes work together
41
ophthalmoscopy
use of ophthalmoscope to perform fungus exam of back of eye - retina, optic disk, choroid and blood vessels
42
slit-lamp
narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of eye to examine structures at front of eye
43
PERRLA
Pupils are Equal, Round, Responsive to Light and Accommodation
44
tarsorrhaphy
suturing together of eyelids to protect eye when lids are unable to close normally
45
enucleation
removal of eyeball, leaving eye muscles intact
46
radial keratotomy
treats myopia, surgical incisions are made to cornea to cause it to flatten
47
sclera buckle
silicone band or sponge used to repair detached retina
48
photocoagulation
use of a laser to treat some wet AMD by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels
49
pinna
outer, external part of ear - captures sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal
50
external auditory canal
transmits sound waves from pinna to tympanic membrane
51
cerumen
earwax - protective functions by trading small debris/dust from entering middle ear
52
middle ear
transmits sound across the space between outer and inner ear
53
tympanic membrane
eardrum - transmits sounds by vibrating
54
mastoid process
temporal bone containing a hollow air space the surrounds the middle ear
55
auditory ossicles
3 small bones in middle ear malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup)
56
eustachian tubes
narrow tubes that lead from middle ear to nasal cavity and throat. Tubes equalize air pressure in middle air to the outside air
57
inner ear
contain sensory receptors for hearing and balance - the structures are know as the labyrinth
58
oval window
under base of stapes- membrane that separates the middle ear from inner ear- vibrations enter inner ear here
59
cochlea
snap-shaped structure of inner ear and where sound vibrations converted into nerve impulses
60
organ of Corti
receives vibrations from cochlear duct and relays them to auditory nerve fibers
61
semicircular canals
contain liquid endolymph and sensitive hair cells
62
acoustic nerves
cranial nerves transmit info to brain
63
air conduction
sounds waves enter ear thru pinna and travel down external auditory canal to tympanic membrane
64
bone conduction
eardrum vibrates and causes auditory ossicles to vibrate, transmitting sound to oval window
65
sensorineural conduction
sound vibrations reach inner ear and relay them to auditory nerve
66
otomycosis
fungal infection of external auditory canal
67
barotrauma
pressure related ear condition
68
cholesteatoma
destructive epidermal cyst in middle ear/mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol
69
infections myringitis
contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on eardrum
70
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
71
otosclerosis
ankylosis of bones in middle ear
72
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
a shift in location of small crystals in semicircular canals
73
Meniere's disease
rare chronic disorder in which amount of fluid in inner ear increases intermittently, causing vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss
74
acoustic neuroma
brain tumor that develops adjacent to cranial nerve running from brain to inner ear
75
presbycusis
gradual hearing loss related to age
76
conductive hearing loss
when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid filled inner ear
77
sensorineural hearing loss
when auditory nerve or hair cells in inner ear are damaged
78
audiometry
uses audiometer to measure hearing acuity
79
tympanometry
use of air pressure in ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear
80
acoustic reflectometry
measures how much sound is reflected back from the eardrum, test how much fluid is in middle ear
81
Weber and Rinne test
uses a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
82
ear tubes
tiny ventilating tubes placed through eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluid and relieve pressure
83
vestibular rehab therapy
form of PT designed to treat wide variety of balance problems
84
assistive listening device
transmits, processes or amplifies count and can be used with or without a hearing aid
85
cochlear implant
electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve
86
fenestration
new opening is created in labyrinth to restore lost hearing
87
hearing aids
electronic devices that are worn to correct hearing loss

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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